一、概念
多对一的理解:
-
多个学生对应一个老师
-
如果对于学生这边,就是一个多对一的现象,即从学生这边关联一个老师!
1.1数据库设计
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
1.2idea配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<properties resource="db.properties">
</properties>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.yanyu.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.yanyu.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.yanyu.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
1.3其他配置
数据库配置文件
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT
username=root
password=b123456
日志文件
#????DEBUG????????console?file???????console?file?????????
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
#??????????
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
#?????????
log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=./log/kuang.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
log4j.appender.file.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
#??????
log4j.logger.org.mybatis=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
1.4编写实体类
package com.yanyu.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
//多个学生可以是同一个老师,即多对一
private Teacher teacher;
}
package com.yanyu.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data //GET,SET,ToString,有参,无参构造
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
}
1.5编写接口
package com.yanyu.dao;
public interface StudentMapper {
}
package com.yanyu.dao;
import com.yanyu.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
public interface TeacherMapper {
@Select("select * from teacher where id = #{tid}")
Teacher getTeacher (@Param("tid") int id);
}
1.6编写实体类配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yanyu.dao.StudentMapper">
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yanyu.dao.TeacherMapper">
</mapper>
1.7控制
package com.yanyu.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//获取SqlSession连接
// public static SqlSession getSession(){
// return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// }
//获取SqlSession连接
public static SqlSession getSession(){
return getSession(true); //事务自动提交
}
public static SqlSession getSession(boolean flag){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(flag);
}
}
二、多对一的需求
2.1按查询嵌套处理
给StudentMapper接口增加方法
//获取所有学生及对应老师的信息
public List<Student> getStudents();
编写对应的Mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yanyu.dao.StudentMapper">
<!--
需求:获取所有学生及对应老师的信息
思路:
1. 获取所有学生的信息
2. 根据获取的学生信息的老师ID->获取该老师的信息
3. 思考问题,这样学生的结果集中应该包含老师,该如何处理呢,数据库中我们一般使用关联查询?
1. 做一个结果集映射:StudentTeacher
2. StudentTeacher结果集的类型为 Student
3. 学生中老师的属性为teacher,对应数据库中为tid。
多个 [1,...)学生关联一个老师=> 一对一,一对多
4. 查看官网找到:association – 一个复杂类型的关联;使用它来处理关联查询
-->
<select id="getStudents" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from student
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="com.yanyu.pojo.Student">
<!--association关联属性 property属性名 javaType属性类型 column在多的一方的表中的列名-->
<association property="teacher" column="{id=tid,name=tid}" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
</resultMap>
<!--
这里传递过来的id,只有一个属性的时候,下面可以写任何值
association中column多参数配置:
column="{key=value,key=value}"
其实就是键值对的形式,key是传给下个sql的取值名称,value是片段一中sql查询的字段名。
-->
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="com.yanyu.pojo.Teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
:定义了一个StudentTeacher结果映射,它将数据库查询的结果映射到Student类上,并且Student类中有一个复杂类型的属性teacher,它需要传入两个参数id和name,它们对应数据库中的tid列,并且teacher属性值是通过调用getTeacher这个SQL语句来获取的。
测试
@Test
public void testGetStudents(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> students = mapper.getStudents();
for (Student student : students){
System.out.println(
"学生名:"+ student.getName()
+"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
2.2按结果嵌套处理
接口方法编写
public List<Student> getStudents2();
编写对应的mapper文件
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
<!--column是一对多的外键 , 写的是一的主键的列名-->
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" column="id" select="getStudentByTeacherId"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
select * from student where tid = #{id}
</select>
测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher2(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
2.3小结
按照查询进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的子查询
按照结果进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的联表查询
三、 一对多处理
一对多的理解:
一个老师拥有多个学生
如果对于老师这边,就是一个一对多的现象,即从一个老师下面拥有一群学生(集合)!
3.1环境配置
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师多个学生
private List<Student> students;
}
3.2按结果嵌套处理
TeacherMapper接口编写方法
//获取指定老师,及老师下的所有学生
public Teacher getTeacher(int id);
编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yanyu.dao.TeacherMapper">
<!--
思路:
1. 从学生表和老师表中查出学生id,学生姓名,老师姓名
2. 对查询出来的操作做结果集映射
1. 集合的话,使用collection!
JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。
-->
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select s.id sid, s.name sname , t.name tname, t.id tid
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="com.yanyu.pojo.Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid" />
<result property="name" column="sname" />
<result property="tid" column="tid" />
</collection>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
3.3按查询嵌套处理
TeacherMapper接口编写方法
public Teacher getTeacher2(int id);
编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="com.yanyu.pojo.Teacher">
<!--column是一对多的外键 , 写的是一的主键的列名-->
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" column="id" select="getStudentByTeacherId"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="com.yanyu.pojo.Student">
select * from student where tid = #{id}
</select>
测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher2(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
3.4小结
1、关联-association
2、集合-collection
3、所以association是用于一对一和多对一,而collection是用于一对多的关系
4、JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。