实验二_几何问题及编程

 

1、 通过设计实验的方法，利用随机函数，在一个10*10的正方形中，计算其内切三角形的面积。

注（思路）：使用用随机函数实验求面积，计算三角形和正方形面积之比是多少,进不步求出三角形的面积。

正方形里面的三角形，有几种情形:

（1）三角形一条边正好重叠正方形一条边，另外一点在正方形对面一条边的中点；

（2）三角形一条边正好重叠正方形一条边，对面一点可以随意设置而构成的三角形；

（3）三点在正方形不同的三条边上，这三点随机产生。

用实验模拟方法求出三角形面积，实验方法就是统计10000个以上随机点落在三角形里面的数量，然后再试10万以上个随机点的情况，等等。

2、 计算上海到北京的直线距离

public class P2 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println(random_area_1());
        System.out.println(random_area_2());
        System.out.println(random_area_3());
        System.out.println(distance());
    }

    //判断随机点是否在三角形内
    public static boolean is_intri(double x,double y,Point pointA,Point pointB,Point pointC){
        double x_1 = pointA.getX();
        double y_1 = pointA.getY();
        double x_2 = pointB.getX();
        double y_2 = pointB.getY();
        double x_3 = pointC.getX();
        double y_3 = pointC.getY();
        //random向量的x_y
        double x1 = x-x_1;
        double y1 = y-y_1;
        //B向量的x_y
        double x3 = x_2-x_1;
        double y3 = y_2-y_1;
        //C向量的x_y
        double x2 = x_3-x_1;
        double y2 = y_3-y_1;
        //分母等于零时分类讨论，输出Fales
        if((x2*y3-x3*y2) == 0||(x3*y2-x2*y3) == 0)
            return false;
        double u = (x1*y3-x3*y1)/(x2*y3-x3*y2);//u为random向量在B向量的分量占比
        double v = (x1*y2-x2*y1)/(x3*y2-x2*y3);//v为random向量在c向量的分量占比
        //若u >= 0 && v >= 0 && u + v <= 1时在三角形内
        if(u >= 0 && v >= 0 && u + v <= 1) {
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }

    }

    //三点在正方形不同的三条边上，这三点随机产生。
    public static double random_area_3(){

        Point pointrec_1 = new Point(0,0);
        Point pointrec_2 = new Point(0,10);
        Point pointrec_3 = new Point(10,0);
        Point pointrec_4 = new Point(10,10);
        int[] newarr = new int[3];//初始化数组存储选到的边
        newarr = choice_line(4,3);//用整数随机数来去重复选边
        Point point_A = new Point(0,0);
        Point point_B = new Point(0,0);
        Point point_C = new Point(0,0);
        for(int i = 0;i<3;i++){
            double u = 0;//u存储x轴上所取到的随机数
            double v = 0;//v存储y轴上所取到的随机数
            if(newarr[i] == 1){
                u = MyRandom(0, 10);
                v = 0;
            }else if(newarr[i] == 2){
                v = MyRandom(0, 10);
                u = 10;
            }else if(newarr[i] == 3){
                u = MyRandom(0, 10);
                v = 10;
            }else if(newarr[i] == 4){
                v = (10-MyRandom(0, 10));
                u = 0;
            }

//            switch(newarr[i]) {
//
//
//                case 1:
//                    u = MyRandom(0, 10);
//                    v = 0;
//                    break;
//                case 2:
//                    v = MyRandom(0, 10);
//                    u = 10;
//                    break;
//                case 3:
//                    u = MyRandom(0, 10);
//                    v = 10;
//                    break;
//                case 4:
//                    v = MyRandom(0, 10);
//                    u = 0;
//                    break;
//
//
//            }
            //按照循环次数存储u，v
            if (i == 0) {
                point_A.SetX(u);
                point_A.SetY(v);
            } else if (i == 1) {
                point_B.SetX(u);
                point_B.SetY(v);
            } else if (i == 2) {
                point_C.SetX(u);
                point_C.SetY(v);
            }
        }


        Point pointRandom = new Point(0,0);
        double sum_in = 0;
        double sum_all = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < 100000;i++) {
            double a = MyRandom(1,10);
            double b = MyRandom(1,10);
            if (is_intri(a, b, point_A, point_B, point_C)) {
                sum_in++;
                sum_all++;
            } else {
                sum_all++;
            }

        }
        double rating = sum_in/sum_all;
        double area =rating*10*10;

        return area;




    }

    //三角形一条边正好重叠正方形一条边，对边一点可以随意设置而构成的三角形
    public static double random_area_2(){

        Point pointrec_1 = new Point(0,0);
        Point pointrec_2 = new Point(0,10);
        Point pointrec_3 = new Point(10,0);
        Point pointrec_4 = new Point(10,10);
        Point point_A = new Point(0,0);
        Point point_B = new Point(0,10);
        double x = MyRandom(0,10);
        Point point_C = new Point(10,x);
        Point pointRandom = new Point(0,0);
        double sum_in = 0;
        double sum_all = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < 100000;i++) {
            double a = MyRandom(1,10);
            double b = MyRandom(1,10);
            if (is_intri(a, b, point_A, point_B, point_C)) {
                sum_in++;
                sum_all++;
            } else {
                sum_all++;
            }

        }
        double rating = sum_in/sum_all;
        double area =rating*10*10;

        return area;




    }

    //三角形一条边正好重叠正方形一条边，另外一点在正方形对边一条边的中点
    public static double random_area_1(){

        Point pointrec_1 = new Point(0,0);
        Point pointrec_2 = new Point(0,10);
        Point pointrec_3 = new Point(10,0);
        Point pointrec_4 = new Point(10,10);
        Point point_A = new Point(0,0);
        Point point_B = new Point(0,10);
        Point point_C = new Point(10,5);
        Point pointRandom = new Point(0,0);
        double sum_in = 0;
        double sum_all = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < 100000;i++) {
            double a = MyRandom(1,10);
            double b = MyRandom(1,10);
            if (is_intri(a, b, point_A, point_B, point_C)) {
                sum_in++;
                sum_all++;
            } else {
                sum_all++;
            }

        }
        double rating = sum_in/sum_all;
        double area =rating*10*10;

        return area;




    }

    //
    public static double MyRandom(int n,int m){
        //判断输入是否正确
        if(n>m){
            System.out.println("incorrect input!");
            System.exit(0);
        }
        //使用真随机数函数
        double number = n + (Math.random()*(m-n));
        return number;
    }

    //用整数随机数来去重复选边
    public static int[] choice_line(int x,int y){


        int a_number;//存放生成的随机数
        int b_number;//存放random中取到的数
        int random[] = new int[x];
        int arr[] = new int[y];
        //将1-x存入长度为x的数组中
        for(int i = 0;i < x;i++){


            random[i] = i+1;
        }
        int o = 0;//计数器
        while(o != y) {
            a_number = intRandom(1, x);
            b_number = random[a_number - 1];
            if (b_number == 0) {
                //取到random数组中值为零的跳过循环
                continue;
            } else {
                //将取到的随机数存入arr数组中
                arr[o] = a_number;
                //将取过的数组的值变为零（做标记以去重复）
                random[a_number - 1] = 0;
                o++;

            }
        }
        return arr;
    }

    //随机整数
    public static int intRandom(int n, int m){
        int number = (int)(n+(Math.random()*(m-n+1)));
        return number;
    }

    //上海到北京的距离
    public static double distance() {
        double x_1 =31;
        double y_1 =121;
        double x_2 =40;
        double y_2 =116;
        double radianx_1 = Math.toRadians(x_1);
        double radiany_1 = Math.toRadians(y_1);
        double radianx_2 = Math.toRadians(x_2);
        double radiany_2 = Math.toRadians(y_2);
        final double r = 6371;
        double dis =r * Math.acos(Math.sin(radianx_1) * Math.sin(radianx_2) + Math.cos(radianx_1) * Math.cos(radianx_2) * Math.cos(radiany_1 - radiany_2));
        return dis;
    }

}


class Point {
    private double x;
    private double y;

    public Point(){x=0;y=0;}
    public Point(double x,double y){
        this.x=x;
        this.y=y;
    }
    public void SetX(double u ){
        x = u;
    }
    public void SetY(double v){
        y = v;
    }
    public double getX(){
        return x;
    }
    public double getY(){
        return y;
    }



}