【零碎知识点】超详解strlen与sizeof区别

4.1 sizeof

The sizeof keyword gives the amount(数量，程度) of storage, in bytes, associated（联系相关) with a variable or a type (including aggregate(总计的) types). This keyword returns a value of type size_t.

The expression is either an identifier or a type-cast expression (a type specifier enclosed in parentheses).

When applied to a structure type or variable, sizeof returns the actual size, which may include padding bytes inserted for alignment. When applied to a statically dimensioned array, sizeof returns the size of the entire array. The sizeof operator cannot return the size of dynamically allocated arrays or external arrays.

sizeof关键字给出了与变量或类型(包括聚合类型)相关联的存储容量(以字节为单位)。这个关键字返回size_t类型的值。

表达式要么是标识符，要么是类型转换表达式(用圆括号括起来的类型说明符)。

当应用于结构类型或变量时，sizeof返回实际大小，其中可能包括为对齐而插入的填充字节。当应用于静态维度数组时，sizeof返回整个数组的大小。sizeof操作符不能返回动态分配的数组或外部数组的大小。

sizeof是关键字是c语言中的操作符，计算的是所传入数据所占空间大小也就是字节数

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	char a[] = "abcde";
	char a1[] = "a,b,c,d,e";
	char a2[] = { 'a','b','c','d','e' };
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a));		//6
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0]));	//1
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a1));		//10
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a1[0]));	//1
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a2));		//5
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a2[0]));	//1

	printf("%d\n", strlen(a));		//5
	printf("%d\n", strlen(a1));  	//9
	printf("%d\n", strlen(a2));		//随机值
}

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4.2strlen

Each of these functions returns the number of characters in string, not including the terminating null character.

strlen是函数返回的是字符串中的字符数不包含结束的空字符（以\0作为计算结束的重点）

4.3易错点：sizeof在自定义函数中使用

#include<stdio.h>
void myStrlen1(char* a)
{
	int sum=0;
	int sz = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]));
    //运算出来是4因为此时a为指针所占空间为4或者8
	for (int i = 0; i < sz+1; i++)
	{
		if (a[i] != '\0')
			sum++;
	}
	printf("%d\n", sum);
}
int myStrlen2(char* a)
{
	if (*a != '\0')
	{
		return 1 + myStrlen2(a + 1);
	}
	else
		return 0;
}
int main()
{
	char a[] =  "abcde";
	myStrlen1(a);
	printf("%d\n",myStrlen2(a));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0]));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]));
}