网络编程
1.1、概述
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路和通信设备连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
计算机网络主要是由一些通用的、可编程的硬件互连而成的。这些可编程的硬件能够用来传送多种不同类型的数据,并能支持广泛的和日益增长的应用。
javaweb: 网页编程 B/S
网络编程: TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
-
网络编程中有两个主要问题:
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
- 找到主机后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素:
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP,TCP
3.万物皆对象
1.3、IP
ip地址:inetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
- ip地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
- ipv4:127.0.0.1, 四个字节组成。 0-255,4亿个,30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽;
- ipv6:128位。8个无符号整数;
- 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用的
- ipv4/ipv6
- 域名:记忆IP问题!
- ip:www.vip.com
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestinetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddresses1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddresses1);
InetAddress inetAddresses3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddresses3);
InetAddress inetAddresses4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddresses4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddresses2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddresses2);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP:635535*2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口0~1023
- HHTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有端口:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口
-
netstat -ano|findstr"5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr"8696 #查看指定端口的进程
CTrl + Shift +ESC #打开任务管理器
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
//
public class TestinetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8000);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8000);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName()); //地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort()); //端口
}
}
1.5、网络通信
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输速率,代码结构,传输控制。。。。
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP与UDP的对比:
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
- 三次握手,四次回收
- 客户端,服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOC:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TCPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetAddress serverIp = null;
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp, port);
//3.发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好".getBytes());
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接 accept
3.接收用的消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TCPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket accept = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端链接过来
accept = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = accept.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
//先后关闭
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (accept!=null){
try {
accept.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器
package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输出流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("1.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务器
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S:JAVA后台开发
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
发送消息
发送端
package lesson03;
import java.net.*;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg="你好服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
}
}
接收端
package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭链接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReciveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:
两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(fromPort)));
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0,
datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort) );
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
package chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgForm;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgForm) {
this.port = port;
this.msgForm = msgForm;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgForm+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析:https://www.baidu.com xxx.x…x…x
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=jjq&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
}
}
package lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8000/jjq/Sercurity.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
URLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Sercurity.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
//断开连接
}
}