【Socket编程】基于TCP协议实现客户端与服务端的通信

前言

由于TCP是面向连接的，所以在创建套接字之后还需要进入监听状态，监听状态下可以获取客户端的请求。获得请求之后，服务器需要接受连接，之后再处理事务。

实现服务端具体步骤

总的来说，TCP服务端主要实现以下步骤：

1. 创建一个监听套接字对象，指定使用TCP协议
2. 绑定套接字到特定的地址和端口号
3. 调用listen方法，监听连接请求
4. 接收连接，返回一个新的套接字用于与客户端通信，以及客户端的地址
5. 处理请求
6. 发送响应
7. 本次连接结束，关闭套接字
8. 服务器结束，关闭监听套接字

为了便于区分，我们将第一个创建的套接字称为监听套接字，监听套接字只获取连接。后创建的套接字用于处理业务。

实现客户端具体步骤

1. 创建套接字
2. 使用connect方法连接到服务器
3. 发送请求
4. 接收响应
5. 关闭套接字，结束连接

实现服务端

TcpServer.hpp

该头文件定义了一个服务器类，用于实现上述服务器的各个功能，具体代码如下：

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
#include "Log.hpp"

using namespace log_ns;

const static int gport = 8888;
const static int gsockfd = -1;
const static int gblcklog = 8;

using task_t = function<void()>;

class TcpServer
{
private:
public:
    TcpServer(uint16_t port = gport)
        : _port(port), _listensockfd(gsockfd), _isrunning(false)
    {
    }
    void InitServer()
    {
        // 1.创建socket,选择TCP协议
        _listensockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if (_listensockfd < 0)
        {
            LOG(FATAL, "socket create error\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        LOG(FATAL, "listen socket create success,sockfd is %d\n", _listensockfd);

        // 创建strcut sockaddr_in
        struct sockaddr_in local;
        memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
        local.sin_family = AF_INET;
        local.sin_port = htons(_port);
        local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

        // 2. bind
        int res = bind(_listensockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local));
        if (res < 0)
        {
            LOG(FATAL, "server listen bind failed\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        LOG(FATAL, "server listen bind success\n");

        // 3.设置监听状态
        if (listen(_listensockfd, gblcklog) < 0)
        {
            LOG(FATAL, "listen error\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        LOG(INFO, "listen suceess\n");
    }

    void Loop()
    {
        _isrunning = true;
        while (_isrunning)
        {
            struct sockaddr_in client;
            socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
            // 4.获取新连接
            int sockfd = accept(_listensockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &len);
            if (sockfd < 0)
            {
                LOG(WARNING, "accept error\n");
                continue;
            }
            InetAddr addr(client);

            LOG(INFO, "get a new link,client info:%s,sockfd is %d\n", addr.AddrStr().c_str(), sockfd);
            // 处理业务
            // v0--简单读取消息
            Service(sockfd, addr);
        }
        _isrunning = false;
    }

    void Service(int sockfd, InetAddr addr)
    {
        while (true)
        {
            // 接收消息
            char inbuff[1024];
            ssize_t n = read(sockfd, inbuff, sizeof(inbuff) - 1);
            if (n > 0)
            {
                inbuff[n] = 0;
                LOG(INFO, "get message from client ,message is %s\n", inbuff);
                // 回响
                string echo_message = "[server say]# ";
                echo_message += inbuff;
                write(sockfd, echo_message.c_str(), echo_message.size());
            }
            else if (n == 0)
            {
                LOG(INFO, "client %s quit\n", addr.AddrStr().c_str());
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                LOG(ERROR, "read error: %s\n", addr.AddrStr().c_str());
                break;
            }
        }
        close(sockfd);
    }

private:
    uint16_t _port;
    int _listensockfd;
    bool _isrunning;
};

TcpServerMain.cpp

该文件定义了服务端对象，执行服务端逻辑

#include "TcpServer.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 2)
    {
        std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " local-port" << std::endl;
        exit(0);
    }

    uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[1]);
    std::unique_ptr<TcpServer> tcvr = make_unique<TcpServer>(port);
    tcvr->InitServer();
    tcvr->Loop();

    return 0;
}

实现客户端

TcpClientMain.cpp

该文件实现了客户端发送请求的逻辑

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 3)
    {
        std::cerr << "Usage : " << argv[0] << " server-ip  server-port\n"
                  << std::endl;
        exit(0);
    }
    std::string ip = argv[1];
    uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[2]);

    // 1.创建sockfd
    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sockfd < 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "create socket error" << std::endl;
        exit(0);
    }
    struct sockaddr_in peer;
    memset(&peer, 0, sizeof(peer));
    peer.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, ip.c_str(), &peer.sin_addr);
    peer.sin_port = htons(port);

    // 2.连接服务器
    int n = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, sizeof(peer));
    if (n < 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "connect socket error" << std::endl;
        exit(2);
    }
    // 3.处理业务
    while (true)
    {
        std::string message;
        std::cout << "Enter #";
        std::getline(std::cin, message);
        write(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size());

        char echo_buff[1024];
        int res = read(sockfd, echo_buff, sizeof(echo_buff) - 1);
        if (res > 0)
        {
            echo_buff[res] = 0;
            std::cout << echo_buff << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}

运行结果