实现第一个Filter
首先在Eclipse中创建一个名为chapter08的Web项目，然后在该项目的src目录下创建一个名为pidan.filter包，最后在该包下创建一个名为MyServlet的Servlet 类，该类用于访问时在浏览器中输出“Hello MyServlet”。
package chapter09;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getWriter().print("hello dashuju2004-------<br />");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
web.xml里面是这样的:
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>MyServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>pidan.filter.MyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
运行结果:
包中创建一个名为MyFilter的Fiter类，该类用于拦截MyServlet程序。
package chapter09;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
public MyFilter() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
System.out.println("拦截了相应");
response.getWriter().print("这是filter输出到页面的内容");
if(true) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
}
}
过滤器程序与Servlet程序类似，同样需要在 web.xml文件中进行配置，从而设置它所能拦截的资源;
<filter>
<filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>pidan.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
在上述代码中，过滤器的配置信息中包含多个元素，这些元素分别具有不同的作用，具体如下。
（1）<filter>根元素用于注册一个Filter。
（2）<filter-name>子元素用于设置Filter名称。
（3）<filter-class>子元素用于设置Filter类的完整名称。
（4）<filter-mapping>根元素用于设置一个过滤器所拦截的资源。
（5）<filter-name>子元素必须与<filter>中的<filter-name>子元素相同。
（6）<url-pattern>子元素用于匹配用户请求的URL,例如“/MyServlet”，这个URL还可以使用通配符“*”来表示，例如“*.do”适用于所有以“.do”结尾的Servlet路径。
运行结果:
Filter映射
拦截不同方式的访问请求
在web.xml文件中，一个<filter-mapping>元素用于配置一个Fiter所负责拦截的资源。<filter-mapping>元素中有一个特殊的子元素<dispatcher>,该元素用于指定过滤器所拦截的资源被Servlet容器调用的方式，<dispatcher>元素的值共有4个：
1) REQUEST
当用户直接访问页面时，Web容器将会调用过滤器。如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()或 forward()方法访问的，那么该过滤器将不会被调用。
2) INCLUDE
如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的 include()方法访问的，那么该过滤器将被调用。
除此之外，该过滤器不会被调用。
3)FORWARD
如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的forward()方法访问的，那么该过滤器将被调用。
除此之外，该过滤器不会被调用。
4) ERROR
如果目标资源是通过声明式异常处理机制调用的，那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外，过滤器不会被调用。
创建一个名为ForwardServlet的Servlet类，该类用于将请求转发给first.jsp页面:
package chapter09;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ForwardServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.getRequestDispatcher("/first.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>pidan.filter.ForwardServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ForwardServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
first.jsp
</body>
</html>在web.xml文件中，配置过滤器的映射信息，拦截first.jsp页面:
<filter>
<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>pidan.filter.ForwardFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/first.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
运行结果:
浏览器可以正常访问JSP页面，说明ForwardFilter没有拦截到ForwardServlet转发的first.jsp页面。
为了拦截ForwardServlet通过forward(）方法转发的first.jsp页面，需要在web.xml文件中的对应过滤器配置信息中增加一个<dispatcher>子元素，将该元素的值设置为FORWARD:
<filter>
<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>pidan.filter.ForwardFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/first.jsp</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
运行结果:
浏览器窗口显示的是ForwardFilter类中的内容，而first.jsp页面的输出内容没有显示。由此可见,ForwardServlet中通过 forward()方法转发的 first.jsp页面被成功拦截了。
Filter链:
package chapter09;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet Filter implementation class MyFilter01
*/
public class MyFilter01 implements Filter {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public MyFilter01() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.write("Hello MyFilter01<br />");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
package chapter09;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet Filter implementation class MyFilter02
*/
public class MyFilter02 implements Filter {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public MyFilter02() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.write("MyFilter02 Before<br />");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
out.write("MyFilter02 After<br />");
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
为了防止其他过滤器影响此次Filter链的演示效果，请先在web.xml文件中注释掉其他过滤器的配置信息。然后，将MyFilter01和MyFilter02过滤器的映射信息配置在MyServlet配置信息前面
<filter>
<filter-name>MyFilter01</filter-name>
<filter-class>pidan.filter.MyFilter01</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>MyFilter01</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>MyFilter02</filter-name>
<filter-class>pidan.filter.MyFilter02</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>MyFilter02</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
运行结果:
MyServlet首先被MyFilter01拦截了，打印出MyFilter01中的内容，然后被MyFilter02拦截，直到MyServlet被MyFilterO2放行后，浏览器才显示出MyServlet中的输出内容。
FilterConfig接口:
创建过滤器MyFilter03,来获取 web.xml中设置的参数:
package chapter09;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class MyFilter03 implements Filter {
private String characterEncoding;
FilterConfig fc;
public MyFilter03() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
characterEncoding=fc.getInitParameter("encoding");
System.out.println("encoding 初始化的值"+characterEncoding);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
this.fc=fConfig;
}
}
在 web.xml文件中配置过滤器信息。由于Filter链中各个Filter的拦截顺序与它们在web.xml文件中<fiter-mapping>元素的映射顺序一致，因此,为了防止其他Filter影响MyFilter03的拦截效果，这里将MyFilter03映射信息配置在web.xml文件最前端;
<filter>
<filter-name>MyFilter03</filter-name>
<filter-class>pidan.filter.MyFilter03</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>GBK</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>MyFilter03</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
运行结果:
实现用户自动登录
1.创建User类,用来封装用户信息:
package chapter10.entity;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
2.实现登录页面和首页:
1)创建login.jsp页面,创建一个用户登录的表单:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" import="java.util.*"%>
<html>
<head></head>
<center><h3>用户登录</h3></center>
<body style="text-align: center;">
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/LoginServlet"
method="post">
<table border="1" width="600px" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
align="center" >
<tr>
<td height="30" align="center">用户名：</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="username" />${errorMsg }</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="30" align="center">密 码：</td>
<td>
<input type="password" name="password" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="35" align="center">自动登录时间</td>
<td><input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31 }" />一个月
<input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31*3 }" />三个月
<input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31*6 }" />半年
<input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31*12 }" />一年
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="30" colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
<html>
2)编写index.jsp页面,该谢冕用于显示用户的登录信息,如果没有用户登录,在index.jsp页面显示一个超链接;如果已登录,将会显示用户名,以及一个注销的超链接:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" import="java.util.*"
%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>显示登录的用户信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<br />
<center>
<h3>欢迎光临</h3>
</center>
<br />
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${sessionScope.user==null }">
<a href="http://localhost:9999/chap08/login.jsp">用户登录</a>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
欢迎您：${sessionScope.user.username} <a href="http://localhost:9999/chap08/LogoutServlet">退出</a>
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
<hr />
</body>
</html>
3.创建Servlet
(1)编写LoginServlet类,用于处理用户的登录请求;
package chapter10.entity;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
*/
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public LoginServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//获得用户名和密码
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//检查用户名和密码
if ("itcast".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {
//登录成功
//将用户状态user对象存入session域
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
//发送自动登录的cookie
String autoLogin = request.getParameter("autoLogin");
if (autoLogin != null) {
//注意cookie中的加密
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(autoLogin, username + "-"+password);
cookie.setMaxAge(Integer.parseInt(autoLogin));
cookie.setPath(request.getContextPath());
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
//跳转至首页
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
}else {
request.setAttribute("errerMsg", "用户名或密码错误");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
(2)编写LogoutServlet类,该类用于注销用户登录的消息:
package chapter10.entity;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jdk.javadoc.doclet.Reporter;
/**
* Servlet implementation class LogoutServlet
*/
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public LogoutServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//用户注销
request.getSession().removeAttribute("user");
//从客户端删除自动登录cookie
Cookie cookie=new Cookie("autologin", "msg");
cookie.setPath(request.getContextPath());
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
response.addCookie(cookie);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
4.创建过滤器
用于拦截用户登录的访问请求,判断请求中是否包含用户自动登录;
package chapter10.entity;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* Servlet Filter implementation class AutoLoginFilter
*/
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public AutoLoginFilter() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
// place your code here
// pass the request along the filter chain
//获得一个名为autologin的cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String autologin = null;
for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i<cookies.length;i++) {
if ("autologin".equals(cookies[i].getValue())) {
autologin = cookies[i].getValue();
break;
}
}
if (autologin != null) {
//做自动登录
String[] parts = autologin.split("-");
String username = parts[0];
String password = parts[1];
//检查用户名和密码
if ("itcast".equals(username)&&("123456").equals(password)) {
//登录成功,将用户状态user对象存入session域
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
}
}
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
5.配置映射信息
创建一个AutoLoginFilter的servlet文件,用于拦截用户访问资源的所有请求:
package chapter10.entity;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* Servlet Filter implementation class AutoLoginFilter
*/
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public AutoLoginFilter() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
// place your code here
// pass the request along the filter chain
//获得一个名为autologin的cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String autologin = null;
for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i<cookies.length;i++) {
if ("autologin".equals(cookies[i].getValue())) {
autologin = cookies[i].getValue();
break;
}
}
if (autologin != null) {
//做自动登录
String[] parts = autologin.split("-");
String username = parts[0];
String password = parts[1];
//检查用户名和密码
if ("itcast".equals(username)&&("123456").equals(password)) {
//登录成功,将用户状态user对象存入session域
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
}
}
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
查看运行结果:
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