java整合Redis

Jedis

Jedis是Redis官方推荐的Java连接开发工具,是一个用于连接和操作Redis数据库的Java客户端库。它提供了一系列的方法来操作Redis的键值存储、列表、哈希、集合和有序集合等数据结构。要在Java开发中使用好Redis中间件,必须对Jedis熟悉才能写成漂亮的代码

添加Jedis依赖

在pom.xml文件中添加Jedis依赖

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/redis.clients/jedis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

编写测试代码

public class EasyRedisA {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //通过Jedis链接数据库
        Jedis jedis=new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);
        System.out.println("连接成功");
        String result = jedis.ping();
        System.out.println("ping的结果是:"+ result);
        result = jedis.set("name","Jon博士");
        System.out.println("set的结果是:"+ result);
        //获取所有的key
        Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*");
        //打印每一个key
        for(String key:keys){
            System.out.println(key);
        }
        jedis.close();
    }
}

启动Redis服务后测试


JedisAPI

常用API

1.基本操作

public class TestPassword {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);
        
        //验证密码,如果没有设置密码可以省略
        //jedis.auth("password123");
        jedis.connect();    //连接
        jedis.disconnect(); //断开连接
        
        jedis.flushAll();   //清空所有的key
    }
}

2.对key操作的命令

public class TestKey {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);

        System.out.println("清空数据:" + jedis.flushDB());
        System.out.println("判断某个键是否存在:" + jedis.exists("username"));
        System.out.println("新增键值对:" + jedis.set("username","zhangsan"));
        System.out.println("新增键值对:" + jedis.set("password","pass123"));
        System.out.println("系统中所有的键如下:");
        Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*");
        System.out.println(keys);
        System.out.println("删除键password:" + jedis.del("password"));
        System.out.println("判断键password是否存在:" + jedis.exists("password"));
        System.out.println("查看键所存储值的类型:" + jedis.type("username"));
        System.out.println("随机返回key空间的一个:" + jedis.randomKey());
        System.out.println("重命名key:" + jedis.rename("username","name"));
        System.out.println("取出改后的name:" + jedis.get("name"));
        System.out.println("按索引查询:" + jedis.select(0));
        System.out.println("返回当前数据库中key的数目:" + jedis.dbSize());
        System.out.println("删除当前数据库中所有key:" + jedis.flushDB());
        System.out.println("删除所有数据库中的所有key:" + jedis.flushAll());
    }
}


3.对String操作的命令

public class TestString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);

        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("========增加数据========");
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2"));
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key3","value3"));

        System.out.println("删除键key2:"+jedis.del("key2"));
        System.out.println("获取键key2:"+jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1","valueChange"));
        System.out.println("获取key1:"+jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println("在key3后面加入值:"+jedis.append("key3","End"));
        System.out.println("获取key3的值:"+jedis.get("key3"));
        System.out.println("增加多个键值对:"+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03"));
        System.out.println("获取多个键值对:"+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04"));
        System.out.println("获取多个键值对:"+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));
        System.out.println("删除多个键值对:"+jedis.del("key01","key02"));
        System.out.println("获取多个键值对:"+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));

        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("========增加新键值对防止覆盖原值========");
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1","value1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2","value2"));
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2","value-new"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

        System.out.println("========增加新键值对并设置有效时间========");
        System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3",2,"value3"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));

        System.out.println("========获取原值,更新为新值========");
        System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2","key2GetSet"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

        System.out.println("获取key2的值的子串:"+jedis.getrange("key2",2,4));
    }
}


4.对List操作命令

public class TestList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);

        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========添加一个list===========");
        jedis.lpush("collections","ArrayList", "Vector", "stack", "HashMap","WeakHashMap","LinkedHashMap");
        jedis.lpush("collections","HashSet");
        jedis.lpush("collections","TreeSet");
        jedis.lpush("collections","TreeMap");
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0,-1));//-1代表倒数第一个元素,-2代表倒数第二

        System.out.println("collections区间0-3的元素:" + jedis.lrange("collections",0,3));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        //删除列表指定的值 ,第二个参数为删除的个数(有重复时),后add进去的值先被删,类似于出栈
        System.out.println("删除指定元素个数:"+ jedis.lrem("collections",2,"HashMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0,-1));
        System.out.println("删除下表0-3区间之外的元素:"+ jedis.ltrim("collections",0,3));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0,-1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出栈(左端):"+ jedis.lpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections添加元素,从列表右端,与lpush相对应:"+ jedis.rpush("collections","EnumMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0,-1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出栈(右端):"+ jedis.rpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0, -1));
        System.out.println("修改collections指定下标 1的内容:"+ jedis.lset("collections",1,"LinkedArrayList"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+ jedis.lrange("collections",0,-1));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        System.out.println("collections的长度:"+ jedis.llen("collections"));
        System.out.println("获取collections下标为 2 的元素:"+ jedis.lindex("collections",2));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("sortedList","3","6","2","0","7","4");
        System.out.println("sortedList排序前:"+ jedis.lrange("sortedList",0,-1));
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("sortedList"));
        System.out.println("sortedList排序后:"+ jedis.lrange("sortedList",0,-1));
    }
}


5.对Set的操作命令

public class TestSet {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);

        System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素(不重复)============");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1", "e2", "e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet","e6"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet","e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("删除一个元素e0:"+ jedis.srem("eleSet","e0"));

        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:"+ jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("删除两个元素e7和e6:"+ jedis.srem("eleSet","e7","e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:"+ jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素:"+ jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素:"+ jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:"+ jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的个数:"+ jedis.scard("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中:"+ jedis.sismember("eleSet","e3"));
        System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中:"+ jedis.sismember("eleSet","e1"));
        System.out.println("e5是否在eleSet中:"+ jedis.sismember("eleSet","e5"));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1","e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2","e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8"));
        System.out.println("将eleSet1中删除e1并存入eleSet3中:" + jedis.smove("eleSet1","eleSet3","e1"));//移到集合元素
        System.out.println("将eleSet1中删除e2并存入eleSet3中:" + jedis.smove("eleSet1","eleSet3","e2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet3"));
        System.out.println("============集合运算=================");
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素:"+ jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素:"+ jedis.smembers("eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:"+ jedis.sinter("eleSet1","eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:"+ jedis.sunion("eleSet1","eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:"+ jedis.sdiff("eleSet1","eleSet2"));//eleSet1中有,eleSet2中没有
        jedis.sinterstore("eleSet4","eleSet1","eleSet2");//求交集并将交集保存到dstkey的集合
        System.out.println("eleSet4中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet4"));
    }
}


6.对Hash的操作命令

public class TestHash {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);

        jedis.flushDB();
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("key1","value1");
        map.put("key2","value2");
        map.put("key3","value3");
        map.put("key4","value4");
        //添加名称为hash(key)的hash元素
        jedis.hmset("hash", map);
        //向名称为hash的hash中添加key为key5,value为value5元素
        jedis.hset("hash","key5","value5");
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:"+ jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,string>

        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键为:"+ jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有值为:"+ jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String>

        System.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数,如果key6不存在则添加key6:"+ jedis.hincrBy("hash","key6",6));
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:"+ jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数,如果key6不存在则添加key6:"+ jedis.hincrBy("hash","key6",3));
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:"+ jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("删除一个或者多个键值对:" + jedis.hdel("hash", "key2"));
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:" + jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("散列hash中键值对的个数:" + jedis.hlen("hash"));
                        
        System.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key2:"+ jedis.hexists("hash","key2"));
        System.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key3:"+ jedis.hexists("hash","key3"));
        System.out.println("获取hash中的值:"+ jedis.hmget("hash","key3"));
        System.out.println("获取hash中的值:"+ jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4"));
    }
}


事务

public class TestMulti {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1",6379);
        jedis.flushDB();

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("hello","world");
        jsonObject.put("name","java");
        //开启事务
        Transaction multi = jedis.multi();
        String result = jsonObject.toString();
        try {
            //向redis存入一条数据
            multi.set("json",result);
            //再存入一条数据
            multi.set("json2",result);
            //这里引发异常,让0作为被除数
            int i = 100/0;
            //如果没引发异常,执行进入队列的命令
            multi.exec();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            //如果出现异常,回滚
            multi.discard();
        }finally {
            System.out.println(jedis.get("json"));
            System.out.println(jedis.get("json2"));
            //最终关闭客户端
            jedis.close();
        }
    }
}

如果触发异常,则回滚

没有异常,正常执行


SpringBoot整合

Spring Data Redis提供了一个高级封装RedisTemplate,用于简化与Redis的交互。它提供了一系列的方法来操作Redis数据库,包括增删改查键值、列表、哈希、集合和有序集合等数据结构。RedisTemplate使用起来更方便,并且支持数据的序列化和反序列化,可以直接操作Java对象而无需手动序列化和反序列化。

导入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.6</version>
        </dependency>

yaml配置

resources文件夹下创建application.yml文件

测试

创建测试类EasyRedisController

依赖注入有两个注解可以用:@Resource、@Autowired

  • Resource默认通过byName的形式去找,找不到会自动转成byType的形式去找
  • Autowired默认通过byType去找,用byName的形式需要通过另一个注解的帮助,而且不会再调用byType形式
@RestController
public class EasyRedisController {

    @Autowired
    RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("addname")
    public String addStr(){
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("name","zhangsan");
        return "OK";
    }

    @RequestMapping("getname")
    public String getStr(){
        Object obj = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("name");
        return obj.toString();
    }
}


存入json数据

这里引入 Lombot 的使用

Lombok是一个Java库,通过注解的方式简化了Java类的编写。它通过注解在编译时自动生成一些常用的代码,如Getter、Setter、构造方法、equals()、hashCode()等,减少了冗余的样板代码,提高了开发效率。

Eclipse 安装Lombot在安装路径下运行cmd使用 java -jar 打开安装包,找到Eclipse安装路径

IDEA 在 File - Settings - Plugins插件中可以找到,默认已安装

在pom.xml导入lombot依赖

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

测试类Student

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int score;
    private String sex;
}

使用注解自动生成Getter和Setter方法以及满参和无参的构造方法

另外,为了确保测试类的对象能够成功的序列化和反序列化,Student类需要实现Serializable接口,并自定义序列化编号。

测试方法

    @RequestMapping("addobj")
    public String addObj(){
        Student stu = new Student();
        stu.setId(22);
        stu.setName("zhangsan");
        stu.setScore(99);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("student",stu);
        return "OK";
    }

    @RequestMapping("getobj")
    public Student getObj(){
        Object obj = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("student");
        return (Student)obj;
    }

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