java servlet
servlet介绍
Servlet（Server Applet）是Java Servlet的简称，称为小服务程序或服务连接器，用Java编写的服务器端程序，具有独立于平台和协议的特性，主要功能在于交互式地浏览和生成数据，生成动态Web内容。
狭义的Servlet是指Java语言实现的一个接口，广义的Servlet是指任何实现了这个Servlet接口的类，一般情况下，人们将Servlet理解为后者。Servlet运行于支持Java的应用服务器中。从原理上讲，Servlet可以响应任何类型的请求，但绝大多数情况下Servlet只用来扩展基于HTTP协议的Web服务器。
最早支持Servlet标准的是JavaSoft的Java Web Server，此后，一些其它的基于Java的Web服务器开始支持标准的Servlet。
servlet的使用
关于servlet的使用，我们以创建一个操作数据库的项目为例来说明
项目的创建
项目名字随便，但需要注意Archetype需选择webapp项目
在webapp\WEB-INF\ 路径下面找到web.xml文件，
需要注意系统生成的web.xml文件版本是否过低
可在File》Project Structure》Project Setting》Modules 下图位置配置
在pom.xml文件中导入依赖
在下图位置配置tomcat
点击加号找到tamcat配置
项目开发
在java文件下建立好如下各种包
entity：用来写实体类
dao：用来写操作数据库的方法(增删改查)
service：用来引用dao中的各种方法
action：引用service，跳转到指定页面，接收页面传过来的数据，进行计算处理
util：写链接数据库的方法
entity
package entity;
import java.util.Date;
public class Employee {
private Integer eid;
private String ename;
private Date etime;
private Integer esalary;
public String ejob;
private String edept;
private String enote;
private String eimg;
private Integer did;
public Employee() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"eid=" + eid +
", ename='" + ename + '\'' +
", etime=" + etime +
", esalary=" + esalary +
", ejob='" + ejob + '\'' +
", edept='" + edept + '\'' +
", enote='" + enote + '\'' +
", eimg='" + eimg + '\'' +
", did=" + did +
'}';
}
public Integer getEid() {
return eid;
}
public void setEid(Integer eid) {
this.eid = eid;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public Date getEtime() {
return etime;
}
public void setEtime(Date etime) {
this.etime = etime;
}
public Integer getEsalary() {
return esalary;
}
public void setEsalary(Integer esalary) {
this.esalary = esalary;
}
public String getEjob() {
return ejob;
}
public void setEjob(String ejob) {
this.ejob = ejob;
}
public String getEdept() {
return edept;
}
public void setEdept(String edept) {
this.edept = edept;
}
public String getEnote() {
return enote;
}
public void setEnote(String enote) {
this.enote = enote;
}
public String getEimg() {
return eimg;
}
public void setEimg(String eimg) {
this.eimg = eimg;
}
public Integer getDid() {
return did;
}
public void setDid(Integer did) {
this.did = did;
}
}写好各种属性，get/set方法，创建构造函数，toString方法
util
public static Connection getConnection(String db,String user,String pwd){
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/"+db+"?serverTimeZone=Asia/Shanghai";
try {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public static void close(ResultSet rs, PreparedStatement ps,Connection con){
if(rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ps!=null){
try {
ps.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(con!=null){
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}提供数据库连接和关闭的方法，提供参数的不同，可以连接不同的数据库
dao
public class EmployeeDao {
//根据用户ID查询用户，查到返回对象，查不到返回null
public Employee selectByEmployeeId(Integer eid) {
Connection con = JDBCUtil.getConnection("empdb", "root", "123456");
String sql = "select * from employee where e_id = "+eid;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
rs = ps.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()) {
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setEid(rs.getInt(1));
employee.setEname(rs.getString(2));
employee.setEtime(rs.getDate(3));
employee.setEsalary(rs.getInt(4));
employee.setEjob(rs.getString(5));
employee.setEdept(rs.getString(6));
employee.setEnote(rs.getString(7));
employee.setEimg(rs.getString(8));
employee.setDid(rs.getInt(9));
return employee;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(rs, ps, con);
}
return null;
}
//增加
public int insertEmployee(Employee employee) {
Connection con = JDBCUtil.getConnection("empdb", "root", "123456");
String sql = "insert into employee values(0,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, employee.getEname());
ps.setDate(2, new Date(employee.getEtime().getTime()));
ps.setInt(3, employee.getEsalary());
ps.setString(4, employee.getEjob());
ps.setString(5, employee.getEdept());
ps.setString(6, employee.getEnote());
ps.setString(7, employee.getEimg());
ps.setInt(8, employee.getDid());
int i = ps.executeUpdate();
return i;
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(null, ps, con);
}
return 0;
}
//删除
public Integer deleteByeid(Integer eid) {
Connection con = JDBCUtil.getConnection("empdb", "root", "123456");
String sql = "delete from employee where e_id =" + eid;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
int i = ps.executeUpdate();
return i;
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(null, ps, con);
}
return 0;
}
//修改
public Integer updateByeid(Employee employee) {
Connection con = JDBCUtil.getConnection("empdb", "root", "123456");
String sql = "update employee set e_name=?,e_time=?,e_salary=?,e_job=?,e_dept=?,e_note=?,e_img=?,d_id=? where e_id=?";
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, employee.getEname());
ps.setDate(2, new Date(employee.getEtime().getTime()));
ps.setInt(3, employee.getEsalary());
ps.setString(4, employee.getEjob());
ps.setString(5, employee.getEdept());
ps.setString(6, employee.getEnote());
ps.setString(7, employee.getEimg());
ps.setInt(8, employee.getDid());
ps.setInt(9, employee.getEid());
int i = ps.executeUpdate();
return i;
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(null, ps, con);
}
return null;
}
//4.查询全部
public List<Employee> selectAllEmployee() {
Connection con = JDBCUtil.getConnection("empdb", "root", "123456");
String sql = "select * from employee";
List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
rs = ps.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setEid(rs.getInt(1));
employee.setEname(rs.getString(2));
employee.setEtime(rs.getDate(3));
employee.setEsalary(rs.getInt(4));
employee.setEjob(rs.getString(5));
employee.setEdept(rs.getString(6));
employee.setEnote(rs.getString(7));
employee.setEimg(rs.getString(8));
employee.setDid(rs.getInt(9));
employees.add(employee);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.close(rs, ps, con);
}
return employees;
}
}service
public class EmployeeService {
EmployeeDao dao = new EmployeeDao();
public Boolean register(Employee employee) {
Integer i = dao.insertEmployee(employee);
if (i > 0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
public List<Employee> queryAll() {
return dao.selectAllEmployee();
}
public Employee query(Integer eid) {
Employee employee = dao.selectByEmployeeId(eid);
return employee;
}
public Boolean update(Employee employee) {
Integer i = dao.updateByeid(employee);
return i == 0 || i == null ? false : true;
}
public Boolean delete(int eid) {
Integer i = dao.deleteByeid(eid);
return i == 0 || i == null ? false : true;
}
}换取dao中不同方法的返回值，封装成方法，方便action调用
action
public class EmployeeServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
String servletPath = req.getServletPath();
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
EmployeeService service = new EmployeeService();
if (servletPath.equals("/add.emp")) {
String ename = req.getParameter("ename");
String etime = req.getParameter("etime");
String esalary = req.getParameter("esalary");
String ejob = req.getParameter("ejob");
String edept = req.getParameter("edept");
String enote = req.getParameter("enote");
String eimg = req.getParameter("eimg");
String did = req.getParameter("did");
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setEname(ename);
if (etime != null) {
employee.setEtime(Date.valueOf(etime));
}
if (esalary != null) {
employee.setEsalary(Integer.valueOf(esalary));
}
employee.setEjob(ejob);
employee.setEdept(edept);
employee.setEnote(enote);
employee.setEimg(eimg);
if (did != null) {
employee.setDid(Integer.valueOf(did));
}
Boolean aBoolean = service.register(employee);
if (aBoolean==false){
req.setAttribute("msg","添加失败");
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/info.jsp");
rd.forward(req,resp);
}else {
resp.sendRedirect("list.emp");
}
} else if (servletPath.equals("/delete.emp")) {
String eid = req.getParameter("eid");
if (eid == null) {
req.setAttribute("msg", "只能根据id删除数据");
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/info.jsp");
rd.forward(req, resp);
} else {
Boolean aBoolean = service.delete(Integer.valueOf(eid));
if (aBoolean == false) {
req.setAttribute("msg", "删除失败");
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/info.jsp");
rd.forward(req, resp);
} else {
//删除成功 转发到
//req.getRequestDispatcher("list.do").forward(req, resp);
//重定向 -- sendRedirect
resp.sendRedirect("list.emp");
}
}
} else if (servletPath.equals("/toedit.emp")) {
//根据bookId,查询一本书的信息，然后把书的信息转发到update.jsp页面
String eid = req.getParameter("eid");//说明请求参数中需要传输bookId到这里
if (eid != null) {
Employee employee = service.query(Integer.valueOf(eid));
if (employee == null) {
resp.getWriter().write("参数错误,查询不到书的信息");
resp.getWriter().write("<a href='list.emp'>查询员工信息</a>");
} else {
//转发
req.setAttribute("emp", employee);//a. 把数据保存在request对象中
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/update.jsp");//b.获取转发对象，设置转发的路径
dispatcher.forward(req, resp);//c.转发
}
} else {
resp.getWriter().write("参数错误");
resp.getWriter().write("<a href='list.emp'>查询员工信息</a>");
}
}
else if (servletPath.equals("/edit.emp")) {
String eid = req.getParameter("eid");
String ename = req.getParameter("ename");
String etime = req.getParameter("etime");
String esalary = req.getParameter("esalary");
String ejob = req.getParameter("ejob");
String edept = req.getParameter("edept");
String enote = req.getParameter("enote");
String eimg = req.getParameter("eimg");
String did = req.getParameter("did");
Employee employee = new Employee();
if (eid != null) {
employee.setEid(Integer.valueOf(eid));
}
if (ename != null) {
employee.setEname(ename);
}
if (etime != null) {
employee.setEtime(Date.valueOf(etime));
}
if (esalary != null) {
employee.setEsalary(Integer.valueOf(esalary));
}
employee.setEjob(ejob);
employee.setEdept(edept);
employee.setEnote(enote);
employee.setEimg(eimg);
if (did != null) {
employee.setDid(Integer.valueOf(did));
}
Boolean update = service.update(employee);
//3.转发到success.jsp页面
String msg = "";
if (update) {
//msg = "更新成功"; 重定向
resp.sendRedirect("list.emp");
} else {
req.setAttribute("msg", "更新失败");
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/info.jsp");
rd.forward(req, resp);
}
} else if (servletPath.equals("/list.emp")) {
//servlet中查询数据
List<Employee> employees = service.queryAll();
//把数据bookInfos，转发到jsp页面，jsp页面显示数据
//把需要转发到jsp页面上的数据，保存在request对象中
req.setAttribute("emps", employees);
//当前这个请求对应的路径：http://localhost:8080/employee/list.do
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/show.jsp");
dispatcher.forward(req, resp);// - forward
}
else {
req.setAttribute("msg","输入的路径有错误！");
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("./emp/info.jsp");
rd.forward(req,resp);
}
}
}使用req.getServletPath()获取浏览器的url地址
通过if语句进行判断，实现不同请求的数据处理
web.xml文件配置
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>employee</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>action.EmployeeServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>employee</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.emp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>增加数据页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登记员工</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登记员工</h1>
<form action="register.emp" method="post">
<label>请输入员工名:</label>
<input type="text" name="ename"><br>
<label>请输入入职时间:</label>
<input type="text" name="etime"><br>
<label>请输入薪资:</label>
<input type="text" name="esalary"><br>
<label>请输入工作岗位:</label>
<input type="text" name="ejob"><br>
<label>请输入所在部门:</label>
<input type="text" name="edept"><br>
<label>员工介绍:</label>
<input type="text" name="enote"><br>
<label>员工照片路径:</label>
<input type="text" name="eimg"><br>
<label>请输入部门ID:</label>
<input type="text" name="did"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
</body>
</html>修改数据页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登记员工</title>
<script src="./js/jquery-3.6.3.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登记员工</h1>
<form action="edit.emp" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="eid" value="1">
<label>请输入员工名:</label>
<input type="text" name="ename"><br>
<label>请输入入职时间:</label>
<input type="text" name="etime"><br>
<label>请输入薪资:</label>
<input type="text" name="esalary"><br>
<label>请输入工作岗位:</label>
<input type="text" name="ejob"><br>
<label>请输入所在部门:</label>
<input type="text" name="edept"><br>
<label>员工介绍:</label>
<input type="text" name="enote"><br>
<label>员工照片路径:</label>
<input type="text" name="eimg"><br>
<label>请输入部门ID:</label>
<input type="text" name="did"><br>
<input type="submit" value="修改">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
<script>
//获取url地址，然后截取出数据，最后把数据设置到输框中
let url = window.location.href;
url= decodeURI(url);
let args = url.substring(url.indexOf("?")+1,url.length);
console.log(args)
let arrs = args.split("&")
$("input").eq(0).val(arrs[0].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(1).val(arrs[1].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(2).val(arrs[2].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(3).val(arrs[3].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(4).val(arrs[4].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(5).val(arrs[5].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(6).val(arrs[6].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(7).val(arrs[7].split("=")[1]);
$("input").eq(8).val(arrs[8].split("=")[1]);
</script>
</body>
</html>模糊匹配
在web.xml文件配置时，url-pattern用来配置浏览器的请求路径
模糊匹配便于配置多个请求的路径
精确匹配
在 中配置的项必须与url完全精确匹配。
<filter>
<filter-name>MyServlet</filter-name>
<filter-class>filter.PingLunFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>MyServlet</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/pinglun.emp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>必须以http://localhost:8080/employee/pinglun.emp这个路径才能访问到
其中localhost是ip地址，这里指127.0.0.1。 8080是端口号。employee是tomcat配置的Application Context
路径匹配
以“/”字符开头，并以“/*”结尾的字符串用于路径匹配
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/emp/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>路径以/emp/开始，后面的路径可以任意。比如下面的url都会被匹配。
扩展名匹配
以“*.”开头的字符串被用于扩展名匹配
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>任何后缀为.jsp的都能匹配到
缺省匹配
任意路径都可以匹配
匹配优先级
精确 》 路径 》 拓展名 》缺省
先找精确匹配,如果找不到在找路径匹配,在找不到就找扩展名匹配。
以上三种匹配方式都找不到,才会使用缺省匹配
267
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
