Python入门学习——DAY06(上)

Day06 数据类型（中）

数据类型：

• list, 列表类型
• tuple, 元组类型

1. 列表(list)

列表(list),是一个有序且可变的容器，在里面可以存放多个元素

1.1 定义

user_list = ["mxy","wyh"]
number_list = [19,20]
data_list = ["mxy",19,"wyh",20]

1.2 独有功能

1. 追加，在原列表中尾部增加。(append)

   data_list = [ ]
   v1 = input("请输入姓名:")
   data_list.append(v1)
   v2 = input("请输入你的生日:")
   data_list.append(v2)
   print(data_list)
   #案例
   welcome = "欢迎使用未来会来app".center(30,'*')
   print(welcome)
   
   user_count = 0
   schdule = [ ]
   while True:
       count = input("请输入未来规划（退出请输入q/Q）：")
       depend = count.upper()
       if depend == "Q":
           break
       else:
           schdule.append(count)
           pass
   text = "您的未来规划如下："
   print(text)
   print(schdule)
   

2. 批量追加(extend)

   goods = ["小布丁"，"老冰棒","糯米糍"]
   prize = ["两块","一块","一块"]
   goods.extend(prize)
   print(goods)
   

3. 插入，在原列表的指定索引位置插入值(insert)

   name_list = [ ]
   while True:
     name = input("请输入购买火车票用户姓名(Q/q退出):")
     if name.upper() == "Q":
       break
     if name.startswith("陈"):
       name_list.insert(0,name)
     else:
       name_list.append(name)
   print(name_list)
   
   

4. 删除列表里的值(remove)

   #随机抽奖案例
   import random
   data_list = ["ipone","airpod","ipad","Mac"]
   while data_list:
     name = input("自动抽奖程序，请输入自己的姓名：")
     value = random.choice(data_list)
     print("恭喜{},获得了{}").format(value,name)
     data_list.remove(value)
   
   

5. 在列表中根据索引提出某个元素(pop)

   #排队买火车票
   user_queue = []
   while True:
     name = input("北京-上海火车票，购买请输入姓名（q/Q退出）：")
     if name == "Q":
       break
     user_queue.append(name)
   ticket_count = 3
   for i in range(ticket_count):
     username = user_queue.pop(0)
     message = "恭喜{},购买火车票成功".format(username)
     print(message)
   faild_user = ",".join(user_queue)
   faild_message = "非常抱歉，票已经被抢完，以下几位用户请选择其他的出行方式:{}".format(faild_user)
   print(faild_message)
   

6. 清空原列表(clear)

   user_list = ["123","1231","341"]
   user_list.clear()
   print(user_list)
   

7. 根据值获取索引(index)

   user_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
   index = user_list.index(1)
   print(index)
   

8. 对元素进行排序(sort)

   num_list = [11,223,4,42,52,66]
   num_list.sort()
   print(num_list)
   

9. 反转原列表

   user_list = ["王某某","陈某某","张某某"]
   user_list.revense()
   print(user_list)
   

1.3 公共功能

1. 相加，相乘

2. 运算符in

   user_list = ["123","456","123456"]
   result = "123"in user_list
   print(result)
   

3. 获取长度

   user_list = ["111","222","333"]
   print(len(user_list))
   

4. 索引

   user = ["111","222","3333"]
   print(user[0])
   user[0]=101
   print(user[0])
   del user[0]
   print(user)
   

5. 切片

   user = ["111","222","333"]
   print(user[0:2])
   

6. 步长

   user = ["111","222","333","444"]
   print(user[0:3:2])
   

7. for循环

   user = ["111","222","333","444","555"]
   for item in user:
     print(item)
   #面试题型：不要一遍删除列表一遍索引，会打乱顺序
   user = ["111","222","333","444","555"]
   for index in range(len(user)-1,-1,-1):
     item = user[index]
     if item.startswith("1"):
       user.remove(item)
    print(user)
   

1.4 转换

• str

  name = "马小远"
  data = list(name)
  print(data)
  

1.5 嵌套

data = ["马小远","韦一航"，["送你"，"一朵","小红花"]]
print(data[0])
print(data[0][2])
print(data[2][2])

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