目录
序言
井字棋
英文名叫Tic-Tac-Toe
想必大家对这个小游戏都不陌生了
无论是小时候课堂上被画的全是”井“字的草稿纸
还是长大后在”炼狱小镇“
那么，如何通过C语言来实现呢？
我们需要大量的自定义函数来满足游戏功能
需要函数来展示井字棋的棋盘
需要函数来实现玩家和机器下棋
那么
首先，我们先构思一个框架
头文件 #include<stdio.h> …… 主函数中自定义函数 int menu() 初始界面展示 int Game() 游戏运行算法 其他自定义函数 （首先想到的是用3*3的数组来表达棋盘 并通过放入字符来表达落子） void Board(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) 棋盘 void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) 玩家下棋 void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) 电脑下棋 char win_lose(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) 判断胜负由于这次代码有点小多 所以分类建立了三个文件来存储代码
代码1
根据咱们设想的框架来逐步完善程序
game.c
游戏功能函数的实现
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "game.h"
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
//展示棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//打印数据
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if(j<col-1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
//打印分割的行
if (i < row - 1)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
//玩家下棋
void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家下棋\n");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入坐标:>");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
{
//下棋
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
break;
}
else
{
printf("该坐标被占用，请重新输入\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("坐标非法，请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
//电脑下棋
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("电脑下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
x = rand() % row;//0~2
y = rand() % col;//0~2
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = '#';
break;
}
}
}
//判断棋盘是否被下满
static int if_full(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
{
return 0;//没满
}
}
}
return 1;//满了
}
//判断胜负
char is_win(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
//判断行
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1]&&board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] != ' ')
{
return board[i][1];
}
}
//判断列
for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i]&&board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] != ' ')
{
return board[1][i];
}
}
//对角线
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
//判断平局
if (if_full(board, row, col) == 1)
{
return 'Q';
}
//继续
return 'C';
}game.h
函数的声明
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断输赢
char is_win(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//1. 玩家赢了 - hr
//2. 电脑赢了 - cw
//3. 平局 - d
//4. 游戏继续 - ctest.c
测试游戏
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void menu()
{
system("cls");
printf("Tic-Tac-Toe");
printf("**************************************\n");
printf("*********** 1.PLAY ***********\n");
printf("**************************************\n");
printf("*********** 0.QUET ***********\n");
printf("**************************************\n");
printf("\n");
}
void Game()
{
char ret = 0;
char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
InitBoard(board,ROW,COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
while (1)
{
player_move(board, ROW, COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = win_lose(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c')
{
break;
}
computer_move(board, ROW, COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = win_lose(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c')
{
break;
}
}
if (ret == '*')
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t You Win!\n");
}
else if (ret == '#')
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t You Lose!\n");
}
else if (ret =='d')
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t 和局\n");
}
}
int main()
{
int input = 0;
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
do {
menu();
printf("\t\t\t 请选择-->");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
Game();
system("pause");
break;
case 0:
printf("退出游戏\n");
system("pause");
break;
default:
printf("输入错误，请重新选择");
system("pause");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}小结
整个“井字棋”程序算是初步完成了
但是有亿点点小问题——电脑宛如人工智障
因为我们是通过<time.h>头文件获得的时间（秒数）数字，调用srand（）来初始化它的随机值，最后通过rand() % row rand() % col 随机生成行、列范围在1到3的坐标，从而达成电脑下棋。
BUT！问题在于这样完全没有人机交互性 人工智能？人工智障！
电脑只会在3*3的棋盘中剩余的格子内落子，不会追三字连线去赢，也不会阻碍玩家三子连线
所以我们要对其算法进行优化 让电脑变得更聪明一些
算法优化
我想到的方法是通过设一个变量 当作电脑落子优先级变量
例如int k=0； 当k=0的时候 电脑暂时没有优先级更高的事要做 所以这时候还是随机落子
但是当遇到特别的情况 例如电脑自己将要三子连线 又或是 玩家将要三子连线，将变量k赋值为1，优先执行连子获胜或者围堵玩家妨碍玩家获胜的指令
具体操作如下：
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
k = priority_board_com(board, row, col);
while (0 == k)
{
i = rand() % row;
j = rand() % col;
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
{
Sleep(400);
board[i][j] = '#';
break;
}
}
}在执行指令前另定义一个函数，用于判断当前棋盘局势是否满足特殊情况。若是满足则赋值k=1 执行针对性落子操作；若是不满足，则返回k=0；继续进行computer_move(board, row, col) 中剩余指令，当k==0 随机落子
对于判断优先级函数priority_board_com(board, row, col)没有什么难度高的编写，单纯是列举出所有特殊情况，包括电脑自己将要赢或者玩家将要赢，进行针对性落子，并返回k=1，不执行computer_move（）中后续代码
例：当电脑在同一列上有两个己方的子 且剩余的那个格为空
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][1]) && (board[i][0] == '#' || board[i][1] == '#') && board[i][2] == ' ')
{
board[i][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}同一行从两个子连成三个子的情况有三种
那么对于行 有以下的代码
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][1]) && (board[i][0] == '#' || board[i][1] == '#') && board[i][2] == ' ')
{
board[i][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][2]) && (board[i][0] == '#' || board[i][2] == '#') && board[i][1] == ' ')
{
board[i][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[i][1] == board[i][2]) && (board[i][1] == '#' || board[i][2] == '#') && board[i][0] == ' ')
{
board[i][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
}
if (k != 0)
break;举一反三 我们又可以对列 对角线（需注意 对角线分左右两条）条件继续编写 方法一致
编写完电脑判断自己能否获胜的程序，咱们再举再反，编写电脑判断玩家能否获胜的程序
代码与上诉相类似
代码2
通过算法优化后，我们对原代码进行更改，再附上亿点点优化游戏背景的代码
game.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
//棋盘初始化
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
system("cls");
printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t\tTic-Tac-Toe");
printf("\n\n\n");
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
printf("\t\t\t\t");
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
if (i < row - 1)
{
printf("\t\t\t\t");
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
//玩家下棋
void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t(玩家)轮到你了!：\n");
while (1)
{
printf("\t\t\t请输入坐标：");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= ROW && y >= 1 && y <= COL)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
break;
}
else
{
printf("\t\t\t棋位已占！\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("\t\t\t非法坐标！\n");
}
}
}
//电脑下棋
int priority_board_com(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int priority_board_hum(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col, int k);
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
printf("\t\t\t(电脑)电脑在思考中~：\n");
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
k = priority_board_com(board, row, col);
while (0 == k)
{
i = rand() % row;
j = rand() % col;
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
{
Sleep(400);
board[i][j] = '#';
break;
}
}
}
//电脑算法优化 判断优先级
//电脑判断自己能否赢 并去连线
int priority_board_com(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
//k用于返回值
int k = 0;
while (k == 0)
{
//电脑判断自己在三行上是否会赢
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][1]) && (board[i][0] == '#' || board[i][1] == '#') && board[i][2] == ' ')
{
board[i][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][2]) && (board[i][0] == '#' || board[i][2] == '#') && board[i][1] == ' ')
{
board[i][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[i][1] == board[i][2]) && (board[i][1] == '#' || board[i][2] == '#') && board[i][0] == ' ')
{
board[i][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
}
if (k != 0)
break;
//电脑判断自己在三列上是否会赢
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if ((board[0][j] == board[1][j]) && (board[0][j] == '#' || board[1][j] == '#') && board[2][j] == ' ')
{
board[2][j] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[0][j] == board[2][j]) && (board[0][j] == '#' || board[2][j] == '#') && board[1][j] == ' ')
{
board[1][j] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[1][j] == board[2][j]) && (board[1][j] == '#' || board[2][j] == '#') && board[0][j] == ' ')
{
board[0][j] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
}
if (k != 0)
break;
//对角线是否会赢
while (0 == k)
{
//左边对角线
if ((board[0][0] == board[1][1]) && (board[0][0] == '#' || board[1][1] == '#') && board[2][2] == ' ')
{
board[2][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[0][0] == board[2][2]) && (board[0][0] == '#' || board[2][2] == '#') && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[1][1] == board[2][2]) && (board[1][1] == '#' || board[2][2] == '#') && board[0][0] == ' ')
{
board[0][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
//右边对角线
if ((board[0][2] == board[1][1]) && (board[0][2] == '#' || board[1][1] == '#') && board[2][0] == ' ')
{
board[2][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[0][2] == board[2][0]) && (board[0][2] == '#' || board[2][0] == '#') && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[1][1] == board[2][0]) && (board[1][1] == '#' || board[2][0] == '#') && board[0][2] == ' ')
{
board[0][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
break;
}
k = priority_board_hum(board, row, col, k);
return k;
}
}
//电脑判断玩家能否赢 并去堵截
int priority_board_hum(char board[ROW][COL],int row,int col,int k)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
while (k == 0)
{
//判断玩家在三行上是否会赢
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][1]) && (board[i][0] == '*' || board[i][1] == '*') && board[i][2] == ' ')
{
board[i][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[i][0] == board[i][2]) && (board[i][0] == '*' || board[i][2] == '*') && board[i][1] == ' ')
{
board[i][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[i][2] == board[i][1]) && (board[i][2] == '*' || board[i][1] == '*') && board[i][0] == ' ')
{
board[i][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
}
if (k != 0)
break;
//判断玩家在三列上是否会赢
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if ((board[0][j] == board[1][j]) && (board[1][j] == '*' || board[0][j] == '*') && board[2][j] == ' ')
{
board[2][j] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[0][j] == board[2][j]) && (board[2][j] == '*' || board[0][j] == '*') && board[1][j] == ' ')
{
board[1][j] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[1][j] == board[2][j]) && (board[2][j] == '*' || board[1][j] == '*') && board[0][j] == ' ')
{
board[0][j] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
}
break;
}
//判断玩家在对角线上是否会赢
while (k == 0)
{
//左边对角线
if ((board[0][0] == board[1][1]) && (board[1][1] == '*' || board[0][0] == '*') && board[2][2] == ' ')
{
board[2][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[0][0] == board[2][2]) && (board[2][2] == '*' || board[0][0] == '*') && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[1][1] == board[2][2]) && (board[1][1] == '*' || board[2][2] == '*') && board[0][0] == ' ')
{
board[0][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
//右边对角线
if ((board[0][2] == board[1][1]) && (board[0][2] == '*' || board[1][1] == '*') && board[2][0] == ' ')
{
board[2][0] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[0][2] == board[2][0]) && (board[2][0] == '*' || board[0][2] == '*') && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
if ((board[1][1] == board[2][0]) && (board[2][0] == '*' || board[1][1] == '*') && board[0][2] == ' ')
{
board[0][2] = '#';
k = 1;
break;
}
break;
}
return k;
}
//判断胜负
char win_lose(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
//判断行
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] != ' ')
{
return board[i][1];
}
}
//判断列
for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] != ' ')
{
return board[1][i];
}
}
//对角线
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
//判断平局
if (if_full(board, row, col) == 1)
{
return 'd';
}
//继续
return 'c';
}
//判断是否和局
static int if_full(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
{
return 0;//没满
}
}
}
return 1;//满了
}game.h
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include<stdio.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#define MIN(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//函数的声明
//初始化棋盘的
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘的函数
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void player_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void computer_move(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//1. 玩家赢了 - hr
//2. 电脑赢了 - cw
//3. 平局 - d
//4. 游戏继续 - c
//判断游戏是否有输赢
char win_lose(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void menu()
{
system("cls");
printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t Tic-Tac-Toe");
printf("\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t **************************************\n");
printf("\t\t\t *********** 1.PLAY ***********\n");
printf("\t\t\t **************************************\n");
printf("\t\t\t *********** 0.QUET ***********\n");
printf("\t\t\t **************************************\n");
printf("\n");
}
void Game();
void menu_intro()
{
system("cls");
printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t Tic-Tac-Toe");
printf("\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t ****************************************\n");
printf("\t\t\t *玩法介绍： *\n");
printf("\t\t\t * 玩家的棋子为<*> 电脑的棋子为<#> *\n");
printf("\t\t\t * 通过输入棋盘中的坐标落子 *\n");
printf("\t\t\t * 例：输入1 3 为第一行第三列 *\n");
printf("\t\t\t ****************************************\n");
printf("\t\t\t *********** 1.continue **********\n");
printf("\t\t\t *********** 0.back **********\n");
printf("\t\t\t ****************************************\n");
printf("\n");
int input2 = 0;
printf("\t\t\t 请选择-->");
scanf("%d", &input2);
switch (input2)
{
case 1:
Game();
break;
case 0:
printf("\t\t\t 返回菜单\n");
system("pause");
break;
default:
printf("\t\t\t 输入错误，请重新选择");
system("pause");
break;
}
}
void Game()
{
char ret = 0;
char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
InitBoard(board,ROW,COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
while (1)
{
player_move(board, ROW, COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = win_lose(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c')
{
break;
}
computer_move(board, ROW, COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = win_lose(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c')
{
break;
}
}
if (ret == '*')
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t You Win!\n");
}
else if (ret == '#')
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t You Lose!\n");
}
else if (ret =='d')
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t 和局\n");
}
}
int main()
{
int input1 = 0;
do {
menu();
printf("\t\t\t 请选择-->");
scanf("%d", &input1);
switch (input1)
{
case 1:
menu_intro();
system("pause");
break;
case 0:
printf("\t\t\t退出游戏\n");
system("pause");
break;
default:
printf("\t\t\t输入错误，请重新选择");
system("pause");
break;
}
} while (input1);
return 0;
}总结
最后代码呈现出来是这样的
通过这次对井字棋的程序编写，学到了更多新知识，较上次的“猜数字游戏”，这次的代码更多，工作量更大，程序更复杂。学会了针对算法的进一步优化，能让程序运行起来看起来“更聪明”。（by th way 升级后的电脑可没那么好赢哦 快去玩玩吧）
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