python 字典的增删改查

什么叫字典

dict --- 字典，采用的是键值对形式，键是唯一的，值不是唯一的，字典属于映射类型，是有序的，但是不可以下标取值

字典属于可变类型，可以直接改变原数据

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

print(dict1)          # {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}
print(type(dict1))    # 数据类型是字典

如果有两个相同的键，则优先取决于后面的键

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'name':'lisi'}

print(dict1['name'])      # lisi

如何创建一个空字典

dict1 = {}

dict2 = dict()

字典的简单使用

通过键取值

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}


print(dict1['name'])       # zhangsan

通过键改值

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

dict1['name'] = 'lisi'
print(dict1)          # {'name':'lisi', 'age':18}

有则改，无则增

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age': 18}

dict1['set'] = '男'
print(dict1)           # {'name':'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'set': '男'}

字典 --- 增删改查

字典 --- 增

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

dict2 = dict1.copy()
print(dict2)        # {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# setdefault：有则查，无则增
# None: 空
print(dict1.setdefault('name'))     # zhangsan
print(dict1.setdefault('aaa'))      # None 查不到就会打印一个空，但是还是会添加进字典里面
dict1.setdefault('set', '男')
print(dict1)                  # {'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'a': None, 'set': '男'}

字典 --- 删

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# clear：全部清除
dict1.clear()
print(dict1)          # {}

dict2 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# pop：通过键删除键值对
dict2.pop('name')
print(dict2)       # {'age': 18}

dict3 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18, 'set': '男'}

# popitem：无序删除（从后往前删 ---- 添加顺序）
dict3.popitem()
print(dict3)

dict4 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# del：通过键 删除键值对
# 如果是 del dict 将会删除字典
del dict4['name']
print(dict4)

字典 --- 改

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# update: 有则改，无则增
dict1.update({'name':'haha','sex':'男'})
print(dict1)               # {'name': 'haha', 'age': 18, 'sex': '男'}

dict2 = {'name':'aaa','sex':'男'}
dict1.update(dict2)
print(dict1)              # {'name': 'aaa', 'age': 18, 'sex': '男'}

字典 --- 查

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# get：通过键查值
print(dict1.get('name'))

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# keys：查看全部的键
print(dict1.keys())
# values：查看全部的值
print(dict1.values())

dict1 = {'name':'zhangsan', 'age':18}

# items：以列表的形式返回可遍历的（键，值） 元组数组
print(dict1.items())       # dict_items([('name', 'zhangsan'), ('age', 18)])

拓展

dict1 = {'age': 1}
a = dict1['age'] + 1
print(a)                 # 2
print(dict1)             # {'name': 1}

dict2 = {'age': 1}
dict2['age'] += 1
print(dict2)             # {'name': 2}

dict3 = {'age': 1}
dict3 = dict3['age'] + 1
print(dict3)             # 2