计算机网络知识点期末复习 第三章-数据链路层

第三章-数据链路层

Physical link和data link

Special functions of the data link layer：framing(帧同步or封装成帧),error control(差错检测), flow control(流量控制), transparent transfer(透明传输), addressing

Stop-and-wait protocol: ACK/NAK(应答帧/否认帧), error retransmission(超时重传), timeout retransmission(超时重传), sequence number(编号)

ARQ(Automatic Repeat reQuest)自动请求重传

CRC(Error-Detecting Codes)检错码：Parity Check(奇偶校验), CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check)循环冗余校验

Parity Check: Single Bit Parity, Two Dimensional Bit Parity
CRC:除数n+1位，余数（冗余码）n位，generator polynomial(生成多项式)

Continuous ARQ Protocols连续ARQ协议:NAK, No Response

Sliding Window Protocol(滑动窗口协议):

如果接收窗口大小是1，则退回连续ARQ协议

如果接受窗口和发送窗口大小都是1，则退回停止等待协议

Maximum Allowable Window size=2的n次方-1(the sequence number in the header: n)

Selective repeat ARQ Protocols(选择重传ARQ):可以看作是发送窗口>1, 接收窗口>1的滑动窗口协议

HDLC(High-level Data Link Control):

三种类型站：(primary station)主站、(secondary station)从站、(combined station)组合站

The mode of link:

An unbalanced mode(非平衡配置) and An balanced mode(平衡配置)

The HDLC Frame format:

：01111110

Bit stuffing(位填充):每五个1加一个0

PPP-byte-oriented

HDLC-bit-oriented

PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol)点对点协议

三个组成部分：

1. Framing(将IP数据报封装到串行链路的方法)
2. LCP(Link Control Protocol)链路控制协议
3. NCP(Network Control Protocol)网络控制协议

过程：PC calls-Router’s modem answer and establish a physical connection-PC sends the router a series of LCP packets-a series of NCP packets are sent to configure the network layer

PPP frame format:

Character stuffing(byte stuffing) 字符填充（字节填充）：

(1)0x7E->0x7D,0x5E

(2)0x7D->0x7D,0x5D

(3)less than 0x20(控制字符)->0x7D,X(加20)

:区分IP,LCP,NCP