【 数据库连接池】C3P0

数据库连接池概述

在JDBC编程中，每次创建和断开Connection对象都会消耗一定的时间和IO资源。 这是因为在Java程序与数据库之间建立连接时，数据库端要验证用户名和密码并为该连接分配资源，而程序则要把代表连接Connection对象等加载到内存中，所以建立数据库连接的开销很大。尤其是在大量的并发访问时，频繁地创建、断开数据库 连接势必会影响数据库的访问效率，甚至导致数据库崩溃。

为了解决该类问题的发生诞生了数据库连接池技术。数据库连接池负责分配、管理和释放数据库连接，它允许应用程序重复使用现有的数据库连接，而不是每次都重新建立连接。
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_65168354/article/details/129168808

C3P0连接池

第一步：添加jar包

• c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar
• mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar

第二步：在src下创建C3P0的配置文件c3p0-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c3p0-config>
  <default-config>
    <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test0222</property>
    <property name="user">root</property>
    <property name="password">root</property>
    <property name="initialPoolSize">15</property>
    <property name="maxIdleTime">40</property>
    <property name="maxPoolSize">150</property>
    <property name="minPoolSize">20</property>
  </default-config>
</c3p0-config>

第三步：编写操作C3P0的工具类C3P0Util

package com.etime1;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class C3P0Util {
  //创建数据库连接池
  private static DataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
  public  static DataSource getDataSource(){
    return dataSource;
  }
  //创建连接
  public static Connection getConnection(){
    try {
      return dataSource.getConnection();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("获取数据库连接失败");
    }
  }

  //释放连接
  public static void release(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet) {
    if (resultSet != null) {
      try {
        resultSet.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      resultSet = null;
    }
    if (statement != null) {
      try {
        statement.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      statement = null;
    }
    if (connection != null) {
      try {
        connection.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      connection = null;
    }
  }
}

第四步：使用C3P0

(1)、在数据库中建立membershipcard表并插入数据

mysql> CREATE TABLE membershipcard (
    id int primary key auto_increment, 
    username varchar(40),
    password varchar(40), 
    email varchar(40), 
    birthday date 
);

-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO membershipcard (username,password,email,birthday) VALUES ("lili","abc123","lili@sina.com","1999-08-14");
INSERT INTO membershipcard (username,password,email,birthday) VALUES ("koko","efg456","koko@sohu.com","1998-07-15");
INSERT INTO membershipcard (username,password,email,birthday) VALUES ("mbmb","mnb333","mbmb@sina.com","1997-06-16");
INSERT INTO membershipcard (username,password,email,birthday) VALUES ("zxzx","poi666","zxzx@sohu.com","1996-05-17");

(2)、编写JavaBean即Membershipcard

package com.etime1;
import java.util.Date;

public class Membershipcard {
  private int id;
  private String username;
  private String password;
  private String email;
  private Date birthday;

  public Membershipcard() {
  }

  public Membershipcard(int id, String username, String password, String email, Date birthday) {
    this.id = id;
    this.username = username;
    this.password = password;
    this.email = email;
    this.birthday = birthday;
  }
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getUsername() {
    return username;
  }
  public void setUsername(String username) {
    this.username = username;
  }
  public String getPassword() {
    return password;
  }
  public void setPassword(String password) {
    this.password = password;
  }
  public String getEmail() {
    return email;
  }
  public void setEmail(String email) {
    this.email = email;
  }
  public Date getBirthday() {
    return birthday;
  }
  public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
    this.birthday = birthday;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "[id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email
      + ", birthday=" + birthday + "]";
  }
}

(3)、在JDBC中使用C3P0

package com.etime1;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class Test02 {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    getSelect();
  }
  public static void getSelect() throws Exception{
    Connection connection = C3P0Util.getConnection();
    String sql = "select * from membershipcard";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
    while (resultSet.next()){
      int id = resultSet.getInt(1);
      String username = resultSet.getString(2);
      String password = resultSet.getString(3);
      String email = resultSet.getString(4);
      Date birthday = resultSet.getDate(5);
      Membershipcard membershipcard = new Membershipcard(id, username, password, email, birthday);
      System.out.println(membershipcard);
    }
  }
}