二 、知识点
[R1]undo ipv6 route-static 2001:2:: 64 2001:12::2
[R1]ipv6 route-static :: 0 2001:12::2 默认路由
随着万物互联时代的到来,IPv4地址空间不足,IPv6取代IPv4势在必行。那么如何实现IPv6网络中各个节点之间的可达性呢?与IPv4网络相同,IPv6网络同样支持静态路由和动态路由协议。IPv6静态路由与IPv4静态路由在配置方式上颇为相似。为了实现对IPv6网络的支持,IETF制定了OSPFv3,同时对IS-IS、BGP做了扩展。本课程将介绍IPv6静态路由的概念及配置,还会介绍常见的IPv6动态路由协议,包括:OSPFv3,IS-IS(IPv6),以及BGP4+。
1,IPV6静态路由
IPv6静态路由与IPv4静态路由类似,也需要管理员手工配置,适合于一些结构比较简单的IPv6网络。在创建IPv6静态路由时,可以同时指定出接口和下一跳,或者只指定出接口或只指定下一跳。对于点到点接口:指定出接口。对于广播类型接口:指定下一跳。IPv6静态路由负载分担和备份:在创建相同目的地址的多条IPv6静态路由时,如果指定相同优先级,则可实现负载分担,如果指定不同优先级,则可实现路由备份。
注意事项:静态路由如果不配置优先级,默认优先级为60。如果将目的地址与前缀长度都配置为全0(:: 0),则表示配置的是缺省路由(::/0)。undo命令中配置参数permanent时,只能取消IPv6静态路由永久发布,不能删除IPv6静态路由。
**2,ospfv3 **
OSPFv3与OSPFv2的不同点
OSPFv3基于链路运行以及拓扑计算,而不再是网段。OSPFv3支持一个链路上多个实例。OSPFv3报文和LSA中去掉了IP地址的意义,且重构了报文格式和LSA格式。OSPFv3报文和Router LSA/Network LSA中不包含IP地址。OSPFv3的LSA中定义了LSA的泛洪范围。OSPFv3中创建了新的LSA承载IPv6地址和前缀。OSPFv3邻居不再由IP地址标识,只由Router ID标识。
实验:IPV4-OSPFv2和 IPV6-OSPFV3 双栈配置
配置 OSPFV2
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]INT G0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IP ADD 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]Q
[R2]
[R2]INT G0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IP ADD 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]Q
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.23.3 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.123.3 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R4]INT G0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IP ADD 192.168.123.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]Q
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.123.5 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
IPV4-OSPF和IPV6-OSPF双栈配置
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]area 2
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 2
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R5]int gi0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.123.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R5]ospf ro
[R5]ospf router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 2
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.123.0 0.0.0.255
**配置OSPF V3 **
配置IPV6地址:
[r1]ipv6
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2001:12::1 64
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]ipv6
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2001:12::2/64
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2001:23::2/64
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]ipv6
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2001:23::3/64
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2001:123::3/64
[R4]ipv6 //全局开启IPV6功能
[R4]int gi0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable //接口下开启IPV6功能
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 add 2001:123::4 64 //接口下配置IPv6地址
[r1]ospfv3 1 //启动OSPFV3进程
[r1-ospfv3-1]router-id 1.1.1.1 //配置OSPF V3 的 RID
[r1-ospfv3-1]q
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 1 //在接口下启动进程 ,将接口加入区域
[R2]ospfv3 1
[R2-ospfv3-1]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospfv3-1]q
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]ospfv3 1
[r3-ospfv3-1]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospfv3-1]q
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R4]ospfv3 1
[R4-ospfv3-1]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospfv3-1]q
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]ospfv3 1
[r5-ospfv3-1]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospfv3-1]q
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]ping ipv6 2001:12::1