数据结构作业二

1. 求 sizeof(name1)？(晟安信息)

struct name1{

    char str;

    short x;

    int num;

};

答案：8

str  是1 字节 + x是2 字节+ num是4 字节 = 8 字节

2.(电工时代)

typedef struct _a

{

    char c1;

    long i;

    char c2;

    double f;

}a;

typedef struct _b

{

    char c1;

    char c2;

    long i;

    double f;

}b;

sizeof(a) = _______;

sizeof(b) = _______;

答案:32 24

3.给了一个结构体，求 sizeof(struct A) = ________。 (鲁科安全，软通动力)

struct A{

    char a;

    char b;

    char c;

    short d;

    int e;

    short f;

}

答案：16

4.有一个如下的结构体，请问在64位编译器下用 sizeof(struct A) 计算出的大小是多少？( ) (鲁科安全)

struct A{

    long a1;

    short a2;

    int a3;

    int *a4;

}

A. 24                 B. 28              C. 16              D. 18

答案：A

5.有以下说明语句，则下列错误的引用 是( )。(山大华天)

struct stu

{

    int no;

    char name[21];

};

stu w, *p = &w;

A. w.no             B*p.no          C. p->no                D. (*p).no

答案：B

6.写出下述程序结果： (中维世纪)

typedef struct test

{

    char x1;

    short x2;

    float x3;

    char x4;

}TEST_T;

printf("%d", sizeof(TEST_T));

答案：12

7.下面的代码输出是什么，为什么？(64位环境) (信雅达)

struct {

    char *a1;

    long a2;

    short a3;

}A;

int main(void)

{

    printf("%d", sizeof(A));

}

答案：24

8.设有如下结构定义： struct student { int num; char name[20]; char sex; int age; char addr[30];} stud; 若用printf("%s\n", .....)访问该结构中name值的正确方法是 ( ) (杭州快越科技)

A. stud -> name              B. &stud.name

C. stud.&name               D. stud.name

答案：D

9.struct

{

        short a; char b; float c;

}cs;

则sizeof(cs)的值是( ) (苏州特点电子科技)

A.4                 B.5                  C.7                  D.8

答案：D

10.如下函数的输出结果是：【 】

struct node

{

    char a; short b; char c; int d;

};

struct node s = { 3, 5, 6, 99 };

struct node *pt = &s;

printf("%X\n", *(int*)pt);

答案：63

11.编程题：定义学生结构体，存储学生的学号、姓名、分数，定义长度为5的结构体数组，实现：

①输入学生信息

②输出学生信息

③计算学生的成绩总分、平均分

④按照学生的分数进行排序

⑤输出排序后的数组

答案：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
 
typedef struct {
    int id;        
    char name[50]; 
    float score;  
} Student;
 
void inputStudents(Student students[], int count);
void printStudents(const Student students[], int count);
float calculateTotalScore(const Student students[], int count);
float calculateAverageScore(const Student students[], int count);
void sortStudentsByScore(Student students[], int count);
 
int main() {
    const int numStudents = 5; 
    Student students[numStudents];
    printf("输入学生信息:\n");
    inputStudents(students, numStudents);
    printf("\n学生信息:\n");
    printStudents(students, numStudents);
  
    float totalScore = calculateTotalScore(students, numStudents);
    float averageScore = calculateAverageScore(students, numStudents);
    printf("\n成绩总分: %.2f\n", totalScore);
    printf("平均分: %.2f\n", averageScore);
    sortStudentsByScore(students, numStudents);
        printf("\n按分数排序后的学生信息:\n");
    printStudents(students, numStudents);
    
    return 0;
}
 
void inputStudents(Student students[], int count) {
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        printf("输入第 %d 位学生的信息:\n", i + 1);
        printf("学号: ");
        scanf("%d", &students[i].id);
        printf("姓名: ");
        scanf("%s", students[i].name);
        printf("分数: ");
        scanf("%f", &students[i].score);
    }
}
 
void printStudents(const Student students[], int count) {
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        printf("学号: %d, 姓名: %s, 分数: %.2f\n", students[i].id, students[i].name, students[i].score);
    }
}
 
float calculateTotalScore(const Student students[], int count) {
    float total = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        total += students[i].score;
    }
    return total;
}

float calculateAverageScore(const Student students[], int count) {
    float total = calculateTotalScore(students, count);
    return total / count;
}

void sortStudentsByScore(Student students[], int count) {
    for (int i = 0; i < count - 1; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < count; j++) {
            if (students[i].score > students[j].score) {
                Student temp = students[i];
                students[i] = students[j];
                students[j] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}