实验设置了ISP路由器R4和多个MGRE环境，其中R3为中心站点，所有设备通过OSPF协议连接并能访问R4的环回。配置包括IP地址分配、默认路由、隧道建立、NHRP网络标识和注册、OSPF区域划分与路由汇总，以及NAT转换和区域认证以提高安全性。同时，通过调整OSPF定时器和使用特殊区域来加快收敛速度。
实验要求
1，R4为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址，R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
2.R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点
3.整个OSPF环境基于172.16.0.0/16划分
4.所有设备均可访问R4的环回
5.减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全
6.全网可达
实验拓扑的搭建
实验步骤
进行配置IP
以R1为例，对各个接口和环回的IP进行配置
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.9 29
然后对每个路由器写缺省路由：
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.33.10R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点
r3
[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0（创建隧道）
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.1 29（IP）
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp （封装）
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1（设置中心点）
Oct 1 2022 21:55:33-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100（创建nhrp域）
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic （开启伪广播）
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]r5
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
Oct 1 2022 21:59:49-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100（加入nhrp域）
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.1 register（向中心注册） r6
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
Oct 1 2022 22:03:13-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.1 register（注册时前面为隧道IP，后面为物理接口IP）r7
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Oct 1 2022 22:07:22-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.1 register 所有设备均可访问R4的环回
配置OSPF
r1
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255r2
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255r3
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255r5
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255r6
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.9 0.0.0.0r7
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.9 0.0.0.0r8
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255r9
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.18 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255r10
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255r11
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255r12
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.18 0.0.0.0
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0将R3/5/6/7的接口类型改为p2mp，这样就不进行DR和BDR的选举
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp重发布
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1area4改为域外路由，所有r9从新开启一个OSPF进程
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo net 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r9-ospf-1]undo area 4
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]area 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
r10也一样
[r10]ospf 1
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r10-ospf-1]undo a 4
[r10-ospf-1]
[r10-ospf-1]q
[r10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-2]area 4
[r10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255开启后在r9的进程1导入进程2，然后写一个缺省路由
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise对r10写一个指向r9的缺省
[r10]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.129.9减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全
在ABR的设备上做域间路由汇总以及ASBR的设备上做域外路由汇总
r3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0r6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0r7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0r9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0r12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0将area1，area2，area3做成特殊区域来减少条目
AR1
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
AR2
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
AR3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
AR6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
AR11
r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
AR12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
AR7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
AR8
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
AR9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口来进行防环
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0因为r4的环回是公网网段，因此我们需要做NAT地址的转换
AR3
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
AR5
[r5]acl 2000
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
AR6
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
AR7
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]对area1进行区域认证的配置保障更新安全
r1
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456r2
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456r3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456加快收敛
AR3
[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
AR5
[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
AR6
[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
AR7
[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
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