静态路由实验（通过学习ENSP）

静态路由实验（通过学习ENSP）

题目：

1，分析题目

前言：首先，我们应该了解到路由器的作用，路由器可实现不同网络间的相互连接，也就是网关；路由器还可以选择路径。
此次实验我们使用路由器的原理是：用路由协议，将不同的网络进行互通，数据包进入路由器后会先查看IP地址，再在自己的路由表中询是否存在此IP，若不存在，则需要我们手动去输入IP，也就是静态。
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「森 木」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_72584178/article/details/125696412

1.1
该网络拓扑图中拥有六个广播域，所以我们基于192.168.1.0/24划分出六个网段，并根据顺时针方向分别对GE口进行分配IP地址，对AR5进行环回地址配置。

AR1-AR2为192.168.1.0/24

AR2-AR4为192.168.2.0/24

AR4-AR3为192.168.3.0/24

AR4-AR1为192.168.4.0/24

AR4-AR5上方G0/0/2-G0/0/0为192.168.5.0/24

AR4-AR5下方G4/0/0-G0/0/1为192.168.6.0/24

1.2
AR1-AR5每个路由器配置两个环回接口，我们从192.168.7.0/24到192.168.14.0/24进行分配。

1.3
通过利用缺省路由（默认路由）进行低保保护，让数据包从0.0.0.0/0地址访问5.5.5.0/24。

1.4
AR4与AR5之间运用浮动静态路由完成题目要求。

二，实验操作

2.1
打开ENSP，搭建好网络拓扑图，并开启设备，网线接口为绿色即为启动成功。

2.2
点击AR1进入配置页面，

通过system-view 进入[huawei]，sysname r1改名，并依次重复以上操作，实现r1,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6

interface g0/0/0接口进行ip address 192.168.1.1配置，通过interface LoopBack配置环回地址

配置完成后可以用display进行查看：

r1：

r2:

r3:

r4:

r5:

2.3
通过利用缺省路由实现低保，即使不用编写静态路由依然可以访问5.5.5.0/24网段。

知识点：缺省路由— 华为体系中也叫默认路由。一旦路由黑洞和缺省路由相遇，将100%出现路由环路。

缺省路由解释：就是一条不限定目标的路由条目。缺省路由一定是路由表中所有路由条目都无法匹配时，才最后匹配。

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 就近原则

每个路由器之间需要进行互相访问需要通过[r1]ip route-static命令来写入路由表，使数据包访问时知道下一跳的地址与路由条目。

2.4
利用“取相同，去不同”对环回地址进行手工汇总可以尽量减少路由条目

r1：

192.168.7.0/24

192.168.8.0/24

192.168.00000111.0/24

192.168.00001000.0/24

子网汇总：192.168.0.0/20

r2:

192.168.9.0/24

192.168.10.0/24

192.168.00001001/24

192.168.00001010/24

子网汇总：192.168.8.0/22

r3:

192.168.11.0/24

192.168.12.0/24

192.168.00001011/24

192.168.00001100/24

子网汇总：192.168.8.0/21

r4:

192.168.13.0/24

192.168.14.0/24

192.168.00001101/24

192.168.00001110/24

子网汇总：192.168.12.0/22

2.6
为避免环路出现，使用空接口路由

NULL0 — 空接口 — 虚拟接口 — 如果一条路由条目，出接口为空接口，则如果匹

配到这条路由条目，则将直接丢弃该数据包。

[r1]ip route-static 地址 NULL 0

r1：r1-r4路由表内容设置基本一致

只需要看Static即可

r5：

2.7
浮动静态路由 — 通过修改默认的优先级，实现静态路由的备份效果。

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.5.1 preference 70 — 手动修改静态路由的优先级

[r5]display ip routing-table protocol static — 过滤静态路由

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown — 手动关闭接口

三，实验结果
3.1 全网可达：
[r1]ping -a 192.168.7.1 192.168.9.1
PING 192.168.9.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.9.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.9.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.9.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.9.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.9.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

— 192.168.9.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/40 ms

[r1]ping -a 192.168.7.1 192.168.12.1
PING 192.168.12.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

— 192.168.12.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/40 ms

[r1]ping -a 192.168.7.1 192.168.13.1
PING 192.168.13.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

— 192.168.13.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/30 ms

[r2]ping -a 192.168.9.1 192.168.11.1
PING 192.168.11.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=30 ms

— 192.168.11.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/38/50 ms

[r2]ping -a 192.168.9.1 192.168.13.1
PING 192.168.13.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=30 ms

— 192.168.13.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/30 ms

3.2 通过缺省路由访问5.5.5.0/24：
[r1]ping -a 192.168.7.1 5.5.5.1
PING 5.5.5.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=70 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=40 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=40 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=40 ms

— 5.5.5.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/44/70 ms

[r3]ping -a 192.168.11.1 192.168.13.1
PING 192.168.13.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.13.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

— 192.168.13.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/30 ms

[r2]ping -a 192.168.9.1 5.5.5.1
PING 5.5.5.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=40 ms

— 5.5.5.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/34/40 ms

[r3]ping -a 192.168.11.1 5.5.5.1
PING 5.5.5.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

— 5.5.5.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/34/40 ms

[r4]ping -a 192.168.13.1 5.5.5.1
PING 5.5.5.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

— 5.5.5.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/28/40 ms

3.3 r5G0/0/0口断开后，由优先级为70的的100M链路通信：

总结：全网可达是在这个网络中使用任何一台设备去ping任何一台设备都必须是通的，然后每个接口必须都相互接通才可以。

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