单片机定时器和串口通信
一、驱动蜂鸣器鸣叫
1.代码实现
#include <REGX52.H>
sbit sound=P3^5;
void main()
{
EA=1;
ET1=1;
TMOD=0x10;
TH1=0xfx; //中断58日微秒
TL1=0x33;
TR1=1;
while(1){ }
}
void Timer1_Routine() interrupt 3l//中断函数
{
TH1=exfe;
TL1=0x33;
sound=~sound;
}
2.普中仿真结果
3.波形图展示
二、LED数码管秒表
1.proteus电路图
2.代码实现
#include<reg51.h>
typedef unsigned int uint; //定义无符号整形和字符型
typedef unsigned char uchar;
uchar led[] ={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f};
uchar led1[] = {0xbf,0x86,0xdb,0xcf,0xe6,0xed,0xfd,0x87,0xff,0xef};
uchar second; //秒数
uchar key; //按键次数
uint t; //用来计数,每500，代表0.1s
sbit keyif = P3^1; //按键接口
void delay(){ //延时函数，用于消除抖动
uchar i,j;
i = 36;
j = 217;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
void init(void) //初始化
{
TMOD = 0x02; //0000 0001 使用方式1
second = 0; //秒数初始化为0
EA = 1; //总中断，定时器0中断允许
ET0 = 1; //允许定时器0中断
key = 0; //按键次数初始化为0
t = 0; //计数初始化为0
}
void main(){
init();
P2 = led1[second/10];
P0 = led[second%10];
while(1){
if(keyif == 0){
delay();//消除抖动
if(keyif == 0){
key++;
switch(key){
case 1: //按一次，计时器开始
TH0 = 0x38;
TL0 = 0x38;
TR0 = 1;
break;
case 2: //按两次，暂停定时器
t = 0;
TR0 = 0;
break;
case 3: //按三次，停止计时，数据清零
key = 0;
second = 0;
P2 = led1[0];
P0 = led[0];
break;
}
while(keyif == 0); //若一直按下，使其停留
}
}
}
}
void timer() interrupt 1
{
TR0 = 0; //停止计时
t++;
if(t ==500){
second++;
P2 = led1[second/10];
P0 = led[second%10];
t = 0;
}
if(second == 99){ //当计数到9.9秒，重新开始计时
second = 0;
key = 2; //相当于重新开始计时
}
TR0 = 1; //继续启动计时器
}
3.proteus仿真结果
4.普中仿真结果
三、LCD1602显示时钟
1.proteus电路图
2.代码实现
1）proteus代码
#include <REGX52.H>
//LCD引脚配置
sbit LCD_RS=P3^5;
sbit LCD_RW=P3^6;
sbit LCD_EN=P3^7;
#define LCD_DataPort P2
unsigned char Hour=23,Min=59,Sec=55;
//LCD延时函数
void Delay()
{
unsigned char i, j;
i = 2;
j = 239;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
//LCD写命令
void LCD_WriteCommand(unsigned char Command)
{
LCD_RS=0;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD_DataPort=Command;
LCD_EN=1;
Delay();
LCD_EN=0;
Delay();
}
//LCD写数据
void LCD_WriteData(unsigned char Data)
{
LCD_RS=1;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD_DataPort=Data;
LCD_EN=1;
Delay();
LCD_EN=0;
Delay();
}
//LCD设置光标位置
void LCD_SetCursor(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column)
{
if(Line==1)
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1));
}
else if(Line==2)
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1+0x40));
}
}
//LCD显示字符串
void LCD_ShowString(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char *String)
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
for(i=0;String[i]!='\0';i++)
{
LCD_WriteData(String[i]);
}
}
//LCD显示数字
int LCD_Pow(int X,int Y)
{
unsigned char i;
int Result=1;
for(i=0;i<Y;i++)
{
Result*=X;
}
return Result;
}
void LCD_ShowNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
LCD_WriteData(Number/LCD_Pow(10,i-1)%10+'0');
}
}
//LCD初始化
void LCD_Init()
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x38);//八位数据接口，两行显示，5*7点阵
LCD_WriteCommand(0x0c);//显示开，光标关，闪烁关
LCD_WriteCommand(0x06);//数据读写操作后，光标自动加一，画面不动
LCD_WriteCommand(0x01);//光标复位，清屏
}
//定时器初始化
void Timer0_Init()
{
TMOD=0x01;
TH0=0xFc;
TL0=0x66;
TF0=0;
TR0=1;
ET0=1;
EA=1;
}
void main()
{
LCD_Init();
Timer0_Init();
LCD_ShowString(1,1," : : ");
while(1)
{
LCD_ShowNum(1,1,Hour,2);
LCD_ShowNum(1,4,Min,2);
LCD_ShowNum(1,7,Sec,2);
}
}
void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1
{
static unsigned int T0Count;
TH0=0xFc;
TL0=0x66;
T0Count++;
if(T0Count==1000)
{
Sec++;
T0Count=0;
}
if(Sec>=60)
{
Sec=0;
Min++;
}
if(Min>=60)
{
Min=0;
Hour++;
}
if(Hour>=24)
{
Hour=0;
}
}
2）普中代码
#include <REGX52.H>
//引脚配置
sbit LCD_RS=P2^6;
sbit LCD_RW=P2^5;
sbit LCD_E=P2^7;
#define LCD_DataPort P0
void Delay(unsigned int xms) //@11.0592MHz
{
unsigned char i,j;
while(xms--)
{
i = 2;
j = 199;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
}
void LCD_WriteCommand(unsigned char Command)//LCD写指令
{
LCD_RS=0;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD_DataPort=Command;
LCD_E=1;
Delay(1);//高低电平转换过快单片机无法处理，加入延时
LCD_E=0;
Delay(1);
}
void LCD_WriteData(unsigned char Data)//LCD写数据
{
LCD_RS=1;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD_DataPort=Data;
LCD_E=1;
Delay(1);
LCD_E=0;
Delay(1);
}
void LCD_Init()//LCD初始化
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x38);//八位数据接口，两行显示
LCD_WriteCommand(0x0c);//显示开，光标关，闪烁关
LCD_WriteCommand(0x06);//数据读写操作后，光标自动加1，画面不动
LCD_WriteCommand(0x01);//清屏
}
void LCD_SetAC(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column)//LCD设置光标位置
{
//设置光标地位，即写入的地置
if(Line==1)
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1));//0x80为DDRAM地址设置的指令
}
else
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1)+0x40);
}
}
void LCD_ShowChar(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char Char)//LCD显示一个字符：数据写入DDRAM地址，前16位映射显示屏
{
LCD_SetAC(Line,Column);
LCD_WriteData(Char);
}
void LCD_ShowString(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned char *String)
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetAC(Line,Column);//光标位置
for(i=0;String[i]!='\0';i++)
{
LCD_WriteData(String[i]);
}
}
int LCD_Power(int X,int Y)//求次方函数
{
unsigned char i;
int Result=1;
for(i=0;i<Y;i++)
{
Result*=X;
}
return Result;
}
void LCD_ShowNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)//LCD显示数字
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetAC(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{ //例如：789/100%10=7 789/10%10=8 789/1%10=9
LCD_WriteData('0'+Number/LCD_Power(10,i-1)%10);//转化为ASCII码
}
}
void LCD_ShowSignedNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,int Number,unsigned char Length)//LCD显示有符号数字
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned int Number1;//有符号int:-32768~32767有一个数取反取不到，因此定义一个无符号int:Number1
LCD_SetAC(Line,Column);
if(Number>=0)
{
LCD_WriteData('+');
Number1=Number;
}
else
{
LCD_WriteData('-');
Number1=-Number;
}
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{ //例如：789/100%10=7 789/10%10=8 789/1%10=9
LCD_WriteData('0'+Number1/LCD_Power(10,i-1)%10);//转化为ASCII码
}
}
void LCD_ShowHexNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)//LCD显示16进制数字
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned char SingleNumber;
LCD_SetAC(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
SingleNumber=Number/LCD_Power(16,i-1)%16;
if(SingleNumber<10)
LCD_WriteData('0'+SingleNumber);//转化为ASCII码
else
LCD_WriteData('A'+SingleNumber-10);
}
}
void LCD_ShowBinNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)//LCD显示2进制数字
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned char SingleNumber;
LCD_SetAC(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
SingleNumber=Number/LCD_Power(2,i-1)%2;
LCD_WriteData('0'+SingleNumber);//转化为ASCII码
}
}
3.proteus仿真
4.普中仿真
四、双单片机信道
1、protues原理图
2、代码实现
//甲机发送
#include <REGX52.H>
sbit T_P=PSW^0;
unsigned char code Tab[8]={0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f};//流水灯程序
void Send(unsigned char dat)
{
TB8=T_P;
SBUF=dat;
while(TI==0);
TI=0;
}
void Delay(unsigned char xms) //@11.0592MHz
{
unsigned char i, j;
while(xms--)
{
i = 2;
j = 199;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
}
void main()
{
unsigned char i;
TMOD=0x20;
SCON=0xc0;
PCON&=0x7f;
TH1=0xfd;
TL1=0xfd;
TR1=1;
while(1)
{
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
Send(Tab[i]);
Delay(200);//约200ms发送数据
}
}
}
//乙机接收
#include <REGX52.H>
sbit R_P=PSW^0;
unsigned char Receive()//接收一字节数据
{
unsigned char dat;
while(RI==0);//检测RI，RI=0，未接收完
RI=0; //接收数据完成RI手动清0
ACC=SBUF; //将接收缓冲器的数据存于ACC
if(RB8=R_P) //只有偶检验成功才能往下执行，接收数据
{
dat=ACC; //将ACC数据存于dat
return dat; //将接收的数据返回
}
}
void main()
{
TMOD=0x20; //设置定时器为方式2，8位自动重载
SCON=0xd0; //串口为方式3，允许接收REN=1
PCON&=0x7f; //波特率不加倍
TH1=0xfd; //波特率9600
TL1=0xfd;
TR1=1;
//REN=1;
while(1)
{
P2=Receive(); //将接收的数据送至P2口显示
}
}
3、proteus仿真
4、普中仿真
五、总结
串口的时候一定要弄得清楚谁接受谁发送
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