Qt项目：基于Qt实现的网络聊天室---聊天界面

本篇完成的是聊天主界面的设计

聊天界面整体展示

创建ChatDialog

右键项目，选择创建设计师界面类，选择创建QDialog without buttons。对话框的名字为ChatDialog

创建完成后，在之前登录成功的回调里，跳转到这个对话框。在MainWindow里添加槽函数

void MainWindow::SlotSwitchChat()
{
    _chat_dlg = new ChatDialog();
    _chat_dlg->setWindowFlags(Qt::CustomizeWindowHint|Qt::FramelessWindowHint);
    setCentralWidget(_chat_dlg);
    _chat_dlg->show();
    _login_dlg->hide();
    this->setMinimumSize(QSize(1050,900));
    this->setMaximumSize(QWIDGETSIZE_MAX, QWIDGETSIZE_MAX);
}

在MainWindow的构造函数中添加信号和槽的链接

    //连接创建聊天界面信号
    connect(TcpMgr::GetInstance().get(),&TcpMgr::sig_swich_chatdlg, this, &MainWindow::SlotSwitchChat);

并且在TcpMgr中添加信号

void sig_swich_chatdlg();

为了方便测试，在MainWindow的构造函数中直接发送sig_switch_chatdlg信号，这样程序运行起来就会直接跳转到聊天界面

按照这个布局拖动并设置宽高即可，接下来需要设置下qss调整颜色

#side_bar{
  background-color:rgb(46,46,46);
}

重写点击按钮

为了实现点击效果，继承QPushButton实现按钮的点击效果，包括普通状态，悬浮状态，以及按下状态

class ClickedBtn:public QPushButton
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ClickedBtn(QWidget * parent = nullptr);
    ~ClickedBtn();
    void SetState(QString nomal, QString hover, QString press);
protected:
    virtual void enterEvent(QEvent *event) override; // 鼠标进入
     virtual void leaveEvent(QEvent *event) override;// 鼠标离开
    virtual void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) override; // 鼠标按下
    virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) override; // 鼠标释放
private:
    QString _normal;
    QString _hover;
    QString _press;
};

接下来实现其按下，离开进入等资源加载，并且重写这些事件

ClickedBtn::ClickedBtn(QWidget *parent):QPushButton (parent)
{
      setCursor(Qt::PointingHandCursor); // 设置光标为小手
}

ClickedBtn::~ClickedBtn(){

}

void ClickedBtn::SetState(QString normal, QString hover, QString press)
{
    _hover = hover;
    _normal = normal;
    _press = press;
    setProperty("state",normal);
    repolish(this);
    update();
}

void ClickedBtn::enterEvent(QEvent *event)
{
    setProperty("state",_hover);
    repolish(this);
    update();
    QPushButton::enterEvent(event);
}

void ClickedBtn::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    setProperty("state",_press);
    repolish(this);
    update();
    QPushButton::mousePressEvent(event);
}

void ClickedBtn::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    setProperty("state",_hover);
    repolish(this);
    update();
    QPushButton::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
}

回到chatdialog.ui文件，将add_btn升级为ClickedBtn

接着在qss文件中添加样式

#add_btn[state='normal']{
    border-image: url(:/res/add_friend_normal.png);
}

#add_btn[state='hover']{
    border-image: url(:/res/add_friend_hover.png);

}

#add_btn[state='press']{
    border-image: url(:/res/add_friend_hover.png);
}

add_btn的样式一定要显示设置一下三个样式，所以回到ChatDialog的构造函数中设置样式

 ui->add_btn->SetState("normal","hover","press");

再次启动运行，可以看到添加群组的按钮样式和sidebar的样式生效了。

为了美观显示，去mainwindow.ui中移除状态栏和菜单栏。

搜索框

输入框默认不显示关闭按钮，当输入文字后显示关闭按钮，点击关闭按钮清空文字

添加CustomizeEdit类，头文件

#ifndef CUSTOMIZEEDIT_H
#define CUSTOMIZEEDIT_H
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QDebug>

class CustomizeEdit: public QLineEdit
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    CustomizeEdit(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    void SetMaxLength(int maxLen);
protected:
    void focusOutEvent(QFocusEvent *event) override
    {
        // 执行失去焦点时的处理逻辑
        //qDebug() << "CustomizeEdit focusout";
        // 调用基类的focusOutEvent()方法，保证基类的行为得到执行
        QLineEdit::focusOutEvent(event);
        //发送失去焦点得信号
        emit sig_foucus_out();
    }
private:
    void limitTextLength(QString text) {
        if(_max_len <= 0){
            return;
        }

        QByteArray byteArray = text.toUtf8();

        if (byteArray.size() > _max_len) {
            byteArray = byteArray.left(_max_len);
            this->setText(QString::fromUtf8(byteArray));
        }
    }

    int _max_len;
signals:
    void sig_foucus_out();
};

#endif // CUSTOMIZEEDIT_H

源文件

#include "customizeedit.h"

CustomizeEdit::CustomizeEdit(QWidget *parent):QLineEdit (parent),_max_len(0)
{
    connect(this, &QLineEdit::textChanged, this, &CustomizeEdit::limitTextLength);
}

void CustomizeEdit::SetMaxLength(int maxLen)
{
    _max_len = maxLen;
}

设计师界面类里将ui->search_edit提升为CustomizeEdit

在ChatDialog的构造函数中设置输入的长度限制以及关闭等图标的配置

    QAction *searchAction = new QAction(ui->search_edit);
    searchAction->setIcon(QIcon(":/res/search.png"));
    ui->search_edit->addAction(searchAction,QLineEdit::LeadingPosition);
    ui->search_edit->setPlaceholderText(QStringLiteral("搜索"));


    // 创建一个清除动作并设置图标
    QAction *clearAction = new QAction(ui->search_edit);
    clearAction->setIcon(QIcon(":/res/close_transparent.png"));
    // 初始时不显示清除图标
    // 将清除动作添加到LineEdit的末尾位置
    ui->search_edit->addAction(clearAction, QLineEdit::TrailingPosition);

    // 当需要显示清除图标时，更改为实际的清除图标
    connect(ui->search_edit, &QLineEdit::textChanged, [clearAction](const QString &text) {
        if (!text.isEmpty()) {
            clearAction->setIcon(QIcon(":/res/close_search.png"));
        } else {
            clearAction->setIcon(QIcon(":/res/close_transparent.png")); // 文本为空时，切换回透明图标
        }

    });

    // 连接清除动作的触发信号到槽函数，用于清除文本
    connect(clearAction, &QAction::triggered, [this, clearAction]() {
        ui->search_edit->clear();
        clearAction->setIcon(QIcon(":/res/close_transparent.png")); // 清除文本后，切换回透明图标
        ui->search_edit->clearFocus();
        //清除按钮被按下则不显示搜索框
        //ShowSearch(false);
    });

    ui->search_edit->SetMaxLength(15);

stylesheet.qss 中修改样式

#search_wid{
     background-color:rgb(247,247,247);
}

#search_edit {
    border: 2px solid #f1f1f1;
}

聊天记录列表

创建C++ 类ChatUserList

#ifndef CHATUSERLIST_H
#define CHATUSERLIST_H
#include <QListWidget>
#include <QWheelEvent>
#include <QEvent>
#include <QScrollBar>
#include <QDebug>

class ChatUserList: public QListWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ChatUserList(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
protected:
    bool eventFilter(QObject *watched, QEvent *event) override;

signals:
    void sig_loading_chat_user();
};

#endif // CHATUSERLIST_H

实现

#include "chatuserlist.h"

ChatUserList::ChatUserList(QWidget *parent):QListWidget(parent)
{
    Q_UNUSED(parent);
     this->setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
     this->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
    // 安装事件过滤器
    this->viewport()->installEventFilter(this);
}

bool ChatUserList::eventFilter(QObject *watched, QEvent *event)
{
    // 检查事件是否是鼠标悬浮进入或离开
    if (watched == this->viewport()) {
        if (event->type() == QEvent::Enter) {
            // 鼠标悬浮，显示滚动条
            this->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAsNeeded);
        } else if (event->type() == QEvent::Leave) {
            // 鼠标离开，隐藏滚动条
            this->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
        }
    }

    // 检查事件是否是鼠标滚轮事件
    if (watched == this->viewport() && event->type() == QEvent::Wheel) {
        QWheelEvent *wheelEvent = static_cast<QWheelEvent*>(event);
        int numDegrees = wheelEvent->angleDelta().y() / 8;
        int numSteps = numDegrees / 15; // 计算滚动步数

        // 设置滚动幅度
        this->verticalScrollBar()->setValue(this->verticalScrollBar()->value() - numSteps);

        // 检查是否滚动到底部
        QScrollBar *scrollBar = this->verticalScrollBar();
        int maxScrollValue = scrollBar->maximum();
        int currentValue = scrollBar->value();
        //int pageSize = 10; // 每页加载的联系人数量

        if (maxScrollValue - currentValue <= 0) {
            // 滚动到底部，加载新的联系人
            qDebug()<<"load more chat user";
            //发送信号通知聊天界面加载更多聊天内容
            emit sig_loading_chat_user();
         }

        return true; // 停止事件传递
    }

    return QListWidget::eventFilter(watched, event);
}

在设计师界面类里提升ui->chat_user_list为ChatUserList

在ChatDialog构造函数和搜索清除按钮的回调中增加

 ShowSearch(false);

该函数的具体实现

void ChatDialog::ShowSearch(bool bsearch)
{
    if(bsearch){
        ui->chat_user_list->hide();
        ui->con_user_list->hide();
        ui->search_list->show();
        _mode = ChatUIMode::SearchMode;
    }else if(_state == ChatUIMode::ChatMode){
        ui->chat_user_list->show();
        ui->con_user_list->hide();
        ui->search_list->hide();
        _mode = ChatUIMode::ChatMode;
    }else if(_state == ChatUIMode::ContactMode){
        ui->chat_user_list->hide();
        ui->search_list->hide();
        ui->con_user_list->show();
        _mode = ChatUIMode::ContactMode;
    }
}

ChatDialog类中声明添加

    ChatUIMode _mode;
    ChatUIMode _state;
    bool _b_loading;

构造函数的初始化列表初始化这些模式和状态

ChatDialog::ChatDialog(QWidget *parent) :
    QDialog(parent),
    ui(new Ui::ChatDialog),_mode(ChatUIMode::ChatMode),
    _state(ChatUIMode::ChatMode),_b_loading(false){//...}

为了让用户聊天列表更美观，修改qss文件

#chat_user_wid{
    background-color:rgb(0,0,0);
}

#chat_user_list {
    background-color: rgb(247,247,248);
    border: none;
}


#chat_user_list::item:selected {
    background-color: #d3d7d4;
    border: none;
    outline: none;
}

#chat_user_list::item:hover {
    background-color: rgb(206,207,208);
    border: none;
    outline: none;
}

#chat_user_list::focus {
    border: none;
    outline: none;
}

添加聊天item

我们要为聊天列表添加item，每个item包含的样式为

对于这样的列表元素，我们采用设计师界面类设计非常方便, 新建设计师界面类ChatUserWid, 在ChatUserWid.ui中拖动布局如下

我们定义一个基类ListItemBase

#ifndef LISTITEMBASE_H
#define LISTITEMBASE_H
#include <QWidget>
#include "global.h"

class ListItemBase : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit ListItemBase(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    void SetItemType(ListItemType itemType);

    ListItemType GetItemType();

private:
    ListItemType _itemType;

public slots:

signals:


};

#endif // LISTITEMBASE_H

我们实现这个基类

#include "listitembase.h"

ListItemBase::ListItemBase(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
{

}

void ListItemBase::SetItemType(ListItemType itemType)
{
    _itemType = itemType;
}

ListItemType ListItemBase::GetItemType()
{
    return _itemType;
}

我们实现ChatUserWid

#ifndef CHATUSERWID_H
#define CHATUSERWID_H

#include <QWidget>
#include "listitembase.h"
namespace Ui {
class ChatUserWid;
}

class ChatUserWid : public ListItemBase
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit ChatUserWid(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~ChatUserWid();

    QSize sizeHint() const override {
        return QSize(250, 70); // 返回自定义的尺寸
    }

    void SetInfo(QString name, QString head, QString msg);

private:
    Ui::ChatUserWid *ui;
    QString _name;
    QString _head;
    QString _msg;
};

#endif // CHATUSERWID_H

具体实现

#include "chatuserwid.h"
#include "ui_chatuserwid.h"

ChatUserWid::ChatUserWid(QWidget *parent) :
    ListItemBase(parent),
    ui(new Ui::ChatUserWid)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    SetItemType(ListItemType::CHAT_USER_ITEM);
}

ChatUserWid::~ChatUserWid()
{
    delete ui;
}

void ChatUserWid::SetInfo(QString name, QString head, QString msg)
{
    _name = name;
    _head = head;
    _msg = msg;
    // 加载图片
    QPixmap pixmap(_head);

    // 设置图片自动缩放
    ui->icon_lb->setPixmap(pixmap.scaled(ui->icon_lb->size(), Qt::KeepAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation));
    ui->icon_lb->setScaledContents(true);

    ui->user_name_lb->setText(_name);
    ui->user_chat_lb->setText(_msg);
}

在ChatDialog里定义一些全局的变量用来做测试

std::vector<QString>  strs ={"hello world !",
                             "nice to meet u",
                             "New year，new life",
                            "You have to love yourself",
                            "My love is written in the wind ever since the whole world is you"};

std::vector<QString> heads = {
    ":/res/head_1.jpg",
    ":/res/head_2.jpg",
    ":/res/head_3.jpg",
    ":/res/head_4.jpg",
    ":/res/head_5.jpg"
};

std::vector<QString> names = {
    "llfc",
    "zack",
    "golang",
    "cpp",
    "java",
    "nodejs",
    "python",
    "rust"
};

这些数据只是测试数据，实际数据是后端传输过来的，我们目前只测试界面功能，用测试数据即可，写一个函数根据上面的数据添加13条item记录

void ChatDialog::addChatUserList()
{
    // 创建QListWidgetItem，并设置自定义的widget
    for(int i = 0; i < 13; i++){
        int randomValue = QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(100); // 生成0到99之间的随机整数
        int str_i = randomValue%strs.size();
        int head_i = randomValue%heads.size();
        int name_i = randomValue%names.size();

        auto *chat_user_wid = new ChatUserWid();
        chat_user_wid->SetInfo(names[name_i], heads[head_i], strs[str_i]);
        QListWidgetItem *item = new QListWidgetItem;
        //qDebug()<<"chat_user_wid sizeHint is " << chat_user_wid->sizeHint();
        item->setSizeHint(chat_user_wid->sizeHint());
        ui->chat_user_list->addItem(item);
        ui->chat_user_list->setItemWidget(item, chat_user_wid);
    }
}

在ChatDialog构造函数中添加

addChatUserList();

完善界面效果，新增qss

ChatUserWid {
    background-color:rgb(247,247,247);
    border: none;
}

#user_chat_lb{
    color:rgb(153,153,153);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-family: "Microsoft YaHei";
}

#user_name_lb{
    color:rgb(0,0,0);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-family: "Microsoft YaHei";
}

#time_wid #time_lb{
   color:rgb(140,140,140);
   font-size: 12px;
   font-family: "Microsoft YaHei";
}

QScrollBar:vertical {
    background: transparent; /* 将轨道背景设置为透明 */
    width: 8px; /* 滚动条宽度，根据需要调整 */
    margin: 0px; /* 移除滚动条与滑块之间的间距 */
}

QScrollBar::handle:vertical {
    background: rgb(173,170,169); /* 滑块颜色 */
    min-height: 10px; /* 滑块最小高度，根据需要调整 */
    border-radius: 4px; /* 滑块边缘圆角，调整以形成椭圆形状 */
}

QScrollBar::add-line:vertical, QScrollBar::sub-line:vertical {
    height: 0px; /* 移除上下按钮 */
    border: none; /* 移除边框 */
    background: transparent; /* 背景透明 */
}

QScrollBar::add-page:vertical, QScrollBar::sub-page:vertical {
    background: none; /* 页面滚动部分背景透明 */
}

聊天列表动态加载

如果要动态加载聊天列表内容，我们可以在列表的滚动区域捕获鼠标滑轮事件，并且在滚动到底部的时候我们发送一个加载聊天用户的信号

bool ChatUserList::eventFilter(QObject *watched, QEvent *event)
{
    // 检查事件是否是鼠标悬浮进入或离开
    if (watched == this->viewport()) {
        if (event->type() == QEvent::Enter) {
            // 鼠标悬浮，显示滚动条
            this->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAsNeeded);
        } else if (event->type() == QEvent::Leave) {
            // 鼠标离开，隐藏滚动条
            this->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
        }
    }

    // 检查事件是否是鼠标滚轮事件
    if (watched == this->viewport() && event->type() == QEvent::Wheel) {
        QWheelEvent *wheelEvent = static_cast<QWheelEvent*>(event);
        int numDegrees = wheelEvent->angleDelta().y() / 8;
        int numSteps = numDegrees / 15; // 计算滚动步数

        // 设置滚动幅度
        this->verticalScrollBar()->setValue(this->verticalScrollBar()->value() - numSteps);

        // 检查是否滚动到底部
        QScrollBar *scrollBar = this->verticalScrollBar();
        int maxScrollValue = scrollBar->maximum();
        int currentValue = scrollBar->value();
        //int pageSize = 10; // 每页加载的联系人数量

        if (maxScrollValue - currentValue <= 0) {
            // 滚动到底部，加载新的联系人
            qDebug()<<"load more chat user";
            //发送信号通知聊天界面加载更多聊天内容
            emit sig_loading_chat_user();
         }

        return true; // 停止事件传递
    }

    return QListWidget::eventFilter(watched, event);
}

回到ChatDialog类里添加槽函数

void ChatDialog::slot_loading_chat_user()
{
    if(_b_loading){
        return;
    }

    _b_loading = true;
    LoadingDlg *loadingDialog = new LoadingDlg(this);
    loadingDialog->setModal(true);
    loadingDialog->show();
    qDebug() << "add new data to list.....";
    addChatUserList();
    // 加载完成后关闭对话框
    loadingDialog->deleteLater();

    _b_loading = false;
}

添加stackwidget管理界面

ChatDialog界面里添加stackedWidget，然后添加两个页面

然后将ChatDialog.ui中的chat_page 升级为ChatPage。

接着将ChatPage中的一些控件比如emo_lb, file_lb升级为ClickedLabel, receive_btn, send_btn升级为ClickedBtn

然后在ChatPage的构造函数中添加按钮样式的编写

ChatPage::ChatPage(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::ChatPage)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    //设置按钮样式
    ui->receive_btn->SetState("normal","hover","press");
    ui->send_btn->SetState("normal","hover","press");

    //设置图标样式
    ui->emo_lb->SetState("normal","hover","press","normal","hover","press");
    ui->file_lb->SetState("normal","hover","press","normal","hover","press");
}

因为继承了QWidget,我们想实现样式更新，需要重写paintEvent

void ChatPage::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
{
    QStyleOption opt;
    opt.init(this);
    QPainter p(this);
    style()->drawPrimitive(QStyle::PE_Widget, &opt, &p, this);
}

类似的，ListItemBase

void ListItemBase::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
{
    QStyleOption opt;
    opt.init(this);
    QPainter p(this);
    style()->drawPrimitive(QStyle::PE_Widget, &opt, &p, this);
}

ClickedLabel完善

ClickedLabel在按下的时候显示按下状态的资源，在抬起的时候显示抬起的资源，所以修改按下事件和抬起事件

void ClickedLabel::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
        if(_curstate == ClickLbState::Normal){
              qDebug()<<"clicked , change to selected hover: "<< _selected_hover;
            _curstate = ClickLbState::Selected;
            setProperty("state",_selected_press);
            repolish(this);
            update();

        }else{
               qDebug()<<"clicked , change to normal hover: "<< _normal_hover;
            _curstate = ClickLbState::Normal;
            setProperty("state",_normal_press);
            repolish(this);
            update();
        }
        return;
    }
    // 调用基类的mousePressEvent以保证正常的事件处理
    QLabel::mousePressEvent(event);
}

抬起事件

void ClickedLabel::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
        if(_curstate == ClickLbState::Normal){
             // qDebug()<<"ReleaseEvent , change to normal hover: "<< _normal_hover;
            setProperty("state",_normal_hover);
            repolish(this);
            update();

        }else{
             //  qDebug()<<"ReleaseEvent , change to select hover: "<< _selected_hover;
            setProperty("state",_selected_hover);
            repolish(this);
            update();
        }
        emit clicked();
        return;
    }
    // 调用基类的mousePressEvent以保证正常的事件处理
    QLabel::mousePressEvent(event);
}

qss美化

添加qss美化

LoadingDlg{
    background: #f2eada;
}

#title_lb{
    font-family: "Microsoft YaHei";
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: normal;
}

#chatEdit{
    background: #ffffff;
    border: none; /* 隐藏边框 */
    font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
    font-size: 18px; /* 设置字体大小 */
    padding: 5px; /* 设置内边距 */
}

#send_wid{
    background: #ffffff;
    border: none; /* 隐藏边框 */
}

#add_btn[state='normal']{
    border-image: url(:/res/add_friend_normal.png);
}

#add_btn[state='hover']{
    border-image: url(:/res/add_friend_hover.png);

}

#add_btn[state='press']{
    border-image: url(:/res/add_friend_hover.png);
}

#receive_btn[state='normal']{
   background: #f0f0f0;
   color: #2cb46e;
   font-size: 16px; /* 设置字体大小 */
   font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
   border-radius: 20px; /* 设置圆角 */
}

#receive_btn[state='hover']{
   background: #d2d2d2;
   color: #2cb46e;
   font-size: 16px; /* 设置字体大小 */
   font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
   border-radius: 20px; /* 设置圆角 */
}

#receive_btn[state='press']{
   background: #c6c6c6;
   color: #2cb46e;
   font-size: 16px; /* 设置字体大小 */
   font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
   border-radius: 20px; /* 设置圆角 */
}

#send_btn[state='normal']{
    background: #f0f0f0;
    color: #2cb46e;
    font-size: 16px; /* 设置字体大小 */
    font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
    border-radius: 20px; /* 设置圆角 */
}

#send_btn[state='hover']{
   background: #d2d2d2;
   color: #2cb46e;
   font-size: 16px; /* 设置字体大小 */
   font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
   border-radius: 20px; /* 设置圆角 */
}

#send_btn[state='press']{
   background: #c6c6c6;
   color: #2cb46e;
   font-size: 16px; /* 设置字体大小 */
   font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; /* 设置字体 */
   border-radius: 20px; /* 设置圆角 */
}

#tool_wid{
    background: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid #ececec; /* 设置下边框颜色和宽度 */
}

#emo_lb[state='normal']{
    border-image: url(:/res/smile.png);
}

#emo_lb[state='hover']{
    border-image: url(:/res/smile_hover.png);
}

#emo_lb[state='press']{
    border-image: url(:/res/smile_press.png);
}

#file_lb[state='normal']{
    border-image: url(:/res/filedir.png);
}

#file_lb[state='hover']{
    border-image: url(:/res/filedir_hover.png);
}

#file_lb[state='press']{
    border-image: url(:/res/filedir_press.png);
}

滚动聊天布局设计

代码实现

在项目中添加ChatView类，然后先实现类的声明

class ChatView: public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ChatView(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR);
    void appendChatItem(QWidget *item);                 //尾插
    void prependChatItem(QWidget *item);                //头插
    void insertChatItem(QWidget *before, QWidget *item);//中间插
protected:
    bool eventFilter(QObject *o, QEvent *e) override;
    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event) override;
private slots:
    void onVScrollBarMoved(int min, int max);
private:
    void initStyleSheet();
private:
    //QWidget *m_pCenterWidget;
    QVBoxLayout *m_pVl;
    QScrollArea *m_pScrollArea;
    bool isAppended;
};

接下来实现其函数定义, 先实现构造函数

ChatView::ChatView(QWidget *parent)  : QWidget(parent)
  , isAppended(false)
{
    QVBoxLayout *pMainLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
    this->setLayout(pMainLayout);
    pMainLayout->setMargin(0);

    m_pScrollArea = new QScrollArea();
    m_pScrollArea->setObjectName("chat_area");
    pMainLayout->addWidget(m_pScrollArea);

    QWidget *w = new QWidget(this);
    w->setObjectName("chat_bg");
    w->setAutoFillBackground(true);

    QVBoxLayout *pVLayout_1 = new QVBoxLayout();
    pVLayout_1->addWidget(new QWidget(), 100000);
    w->setLayout(pVLayout_1);
    m_pScrollArea->setWidget(w);

    m_pScrollArea->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
    QScrollBar *pVScrollBar = m_pScrollArea->verticalScrollBar();
    connect(pVScrollBar, &QScrollBar::rangeChanged,this, &ChatView::onVScrollBarMoved);

    //把垂直ScrollBar放到上边 而不是原来的并排
    QHBoxLayout *pHLayout_2 = new QHBoxLayout();
    pHLayout_2->addWidget(pVScrollBar, 0, Qt::AlignRight);
    pHLayout_2->setMargin(0);
    m_pScrollArea->setLayout(pHLayout_2);
    pVScrollBar->setHidden(true);

    m_pScrollArea->setWidgetResizable(true);
    m_pScrollArea->installEventFilter(this);
    initStyleSheet();
}

再实现添加条目到聊天背景

void ChatView::appendChatItem(QWidget *item)
{
    QVBoxLayout *vl = qobject_cast<QVBoxLayout *>(m_pScrollArea->widget()->layout());
    vl->insertWidget(vl->count()-1, item);
    isAppended = true;
}

重写事件过滤器

bool ChatView::eventFilter(QObject *o, QEvent *e)
{
    /*if(e->type() == QEvent::Resize && o == )
    {

    }
    else */if(e->type() == QEvent::Enter && o == m_pScrollArea)
    {
        m_pScrollArea->verticalScrollBar()->setHidden(m_pScrollArea->verticalScrollBar()->maximum() == 0);
    }
    else if(e->type() == QEvent::Leave && o == m_pScrollArea)
    {
         m_pScrollArea->verticalScrollBar()->setHidden(true);
    }
    return QWidget::eventFilter(o, e);
}

重写paintEvent支持子类绘制

void ChatView::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
{
    QStyleOption opt;
    opt.init(this);
    QPainter p(this);
    style()->drawPrimitive(QStyle::PE_Widget, &opt, &p, this);
}

监听滚动区域变化的槽函数

void ChatView::onVScrollBarMoved(int min, int max)
{
    if(isAppended) //添加item可能调用多次
    {
        QScrollBar *pVScrollBar = m_pScrollArea->verticalScrollBar();
        pVScrollBar->setSliderPosition(pVScrollBar->maximum());
        //500毫秒内可能调用多次
        QTimer::singleShot(500, [this]()
        {
            isAppended = false;
        });
    }
}

气泡聊天框设计

我们设置这样一个网格布局

NameLabel用来显示用户的名字，Bubble用来显示聊天信息，Spacer是个弹簧，保证将NameLabel,IconLabel，Bubble等挤压到右侧。

下面是实现布局的核心代码

ChatItemBase::ChatItemBase(ChatRole role, QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
    , m_role(role)
{
    m_pNameLabel    = new QLabel();
    m_pNameLabel->setObjectName("chat_user_name");
    QFont font("Microsoft YaHei");
    font.setPointSize(9);
    m_pNameLabel->setFont(font);
    m_pNameLabel->setFixedHeight(20);
    m_pIconLabel    = new QLabel();
    m_pIconLabel->setScaledContents(true);
    m_pIconLabel->setFixedSize(42, 42);
    m_pBubble       = new QWidget();
    QGridLayout *pGLayout = new QGridLayout();
    pGLayout->setVerticalSpacing(3);
    pGLayout->setHorizontalSpacing(3);
    pGLayout->setMargin(3);
    QSpacerItem*pSpacer = new QSpacerItem(40, 20, QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Minimum);
    if(m_role == ChatRole::Self)
    {
        m_pNameLabel->setContentsMargins(0,0,8,0);
        m_pNameLabel->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
        pGLayout->addWidget(m_pNameLabel, 0,1, 1,1);
        pGLayout->addWidget(m_pIconLabel, 0, 2, 2,1, Qt::AlignTop);
        pGLayout->addItem(pSpacer, 1, 0, 1, 1);
        pGLayout->addWidget(m_pBubble, 1,1, 1,1);
        pGLayout->setColumnStretch(0, 2);
        pGLayout->setColumnStretch(1, 3);
    }else{
        m_pNameLabel->setContentsMargins(8,0,0,0);
        m_pNameLabel->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
        pGLayout->addWidget(m_pIconLabel, 0, 0, 2,1, Qt::AlignTop);
        pGLayout->addWidget(m_pNameLabel, 0,1, 1,1);
        pGLayout->addWidget(m_pBubble, 1,1, 1,1);
        pGLayout->addItem(pSpacer, 2, 2, 1, 1);
        pGLayout->setColumnStretch(1, 3);
        pGLayout->setColumnStretch(2, 2);
    }
    this->setLayout(pGLayout);
}

设置用户名和头像

void ChatItemBase::setUserName(const QString &name)
{
    m_pNameLabel->setText(name);
}

void ChatItemBase::setUserIcon(const QPixmap &icon)
{
    m_pIconLabel->setPixmap(icon);
}

因为我们还要定制化实现气泡widget，所以要写个函数更新这个widget

void ChatItemBase::setWidget(QWidget *w)
{
   QGridLayout *pGLayout = (qobject_cast<QGridLayout *>)(this->layout());
   pGLayout->replaceWidget(m_pBubble, w);
   delete m_pBubble;
   m_pBubble = w;
}

聊天气泡

消息分为几种，文件，文本，图片等。所以先实现BubbleFrame作为基类

class BubbleFrame : public QFrame
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    BubbleFrame(ChatRole role, QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    void setMargin(int margin);
    //inline int margin(){return margin;}
    void setWidget(QWidget *w);
protected:
    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e);
private:
    QHBoxLayout *m_pHLayout;
    ChatRole m_role;
     int      m_margin;
};

BubbleFrame基类构造函数创建一个布局，要根据是自己发送的消息还是别人发送的，做margin分布

const int WIDTH_SANJIAO  = 8;  //三角宽
BubbleFrame::BubbleFrame(ChatRole role, QWidget *parent)
    :QFrame(parent)
    ,m_role(role)
    ,m_margin(3)
{
    m_pHLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
    if(m_role == ChatRole::Self)
        m_pHLayout->setContentsMargins(m_margin, m_margin, WIDTH_SANJIAO + m_margin, m_margin);
    else
        m_pHLayout->setContentsMargins(WIDTH_SANJIAO + m_margin, m_margin, m_margin, m_margin);

    this->setLayout(m_pHLayout);
}

将气泡框内设置文本内容，或者图片内容，所以实现了下面的函数

void BubbleFrame::setWidget(QWidget *w)
{
    if(m_pHLayout->count() > 0)
        return ;
    else{
        m_pHLayout->addWidget(w);
    }
}

接下来绘制气泡

void BubbleFrame::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e)
{
    QPainter painter(this);
    painter.setPen(Qt::NoPen);

    if(m_role == ChatRole::Other)
    {
        //画气泡
        QColor bk_color(Qt::white);
        painter.setBrush(QBrush(bk_color));
        QRect bk_rect = QRect(WIDTH_SANJIAO, 0, this->width()-WIDTH_SANJIAO, this->height());
        painter.drawRoundedRect(bk_rect,5,5);
        //画小三角
        QPointF points[3] = {
            QPointF(bk_rect.x(), 12),
            QPointF(bk_rect.x(), 10+WIDTH_SANJIAO +2),
            QPointF(bk_rect.x()-WIDTH_SANJIAO, 10+WIDTH_SANJIAO-WIDTH_SANJIAO/2),
        };
        painter.drawPolygon(points, 3);
    }
    else
    {
        QColor bk_color(158,234,106);
        painter.setBrush(QBrush(bk_color));
        //画气泡
        QRect bk_rect = QRect(0, 0, this->width()-WIDTH_SANJIAO, this->height());
        painter.drawRoundedRect(bk_rect,5,5);
        //画三角
        QPointF points[3] = {
            QPointF(bk_rect.x()+bk_rect.width(), 12),
            QPointF(bk_rect.x()+bk_rect.width(), 12+WIDTH_SANJIAO +2),
            QPointF(bk_rect.x()+bk_rect.width()+WIDTH_SANJIAO, 10+WIDTH_SANJIAO-WIDTH_SANJIAO/2),
        };
        painter.drawPolygon(points, 3);

    }

    return QFrame::paintEvent(e);
}

绘制的过程很简单，先创建QPainter，然后设置NoPen,表示不绘制轮廓线，接下来用设置指定颜色的画刷绘制图形，我们先绘制矩形再绘制三角形。

对于文本消息的绘制

TextBubble::TextBubble(ChatRole role, const QString &text, QWidget *parent)
    :BubbleFrame(role, parent)
{
    m_pTextEdit = new QTextEdit();
    m_pTextEdit->setReadOnly(true);
    m_pTextEdit->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
    m_pTextEdit->setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
    m_pTextEdit->installEventFilter(this);
    QFont font("Microsoft YaHei");
    font.setPointSize(12);
    m_pTextEdit->setFont(font);
    setPlainText(text);
    setWidget(m_pTextEdit);
    initStyleSheet();
}

setPlainText设置文本最大宽度

void TextBubble::setPlainText(const QString &text)
{
    m_pTextEdit->setPlainText(text);
    //m_pTextEdit->setHtml(text);
    //找到段落中最大宽度
    qreal doc_margin = m_pTextEdit->document()->documentMargin();
    int margin_left = this->layout()->contentsMargins().left();
    int margin_right = this->layout()->contentsMargins().right();
    QFontMetricsF fm(m_pTextEdit->font());
    QTextDocument *doc = m_pTextEdit->document();
    int max_width = 0;
    //遍历每一段找到 最宽的那一段
    for (QTextBlock it = doc->begin(); it != doc->end(); it = it.next())    //字体总长
    {
        int txtW = int(fm.width(it.text()));
        max_width = max_width < txtW ? txtW : max_width;                 //找到最长的那段
    }
    //设置这个气泡的最大宽度 只需要设置一次
    setMaximumWidth(max_width + doc_margin * 2 + (margin_left + margin_right));        //设置最大宽度
}

我们拉伸的时候要调整气泡的高度,这里重写事件过滤器

bool TextBubble::eventFilter(QObject *o, QEvent *e)
{
    if(m_pTextEdit == o && e->type() == QEvent::Paint)
    {
        adjustTextHeight(); //PaintEvent中设置
    }
    return BubbleFrame::eventFilter(o, e);
}

调整高度

void TextBubble::adjustTextHeight()
{
    qreal doc_margin = m_pTextEdit->document()->documentMargin();    //字体到边框的距离默认为4
    QTextDocument *doc = m_pTextEdit->document();
    qreal text_height = 0;
    //把每一段的高度相加=文本高
    for (QTextBlock it = doc->begin(); it != doc->end(); it = it.next())
    {
        QTextLayout *pLayout = it.layout();
        QRectF text_rect = pLayout->boundingRect();                             //这段的rect
        text_height += text_rect.height();
    }
    int vMargin = this->layout()->contentsMargins().top();
    //设置这个气泡需要的高度 文本高+文本边距+TextEdit边框到气泡边框的距离
    setFixedHeight(text_height + doc_margin *2 + vMargin*2 );
}

设置样式表

void TextBubble::initStyleSheet()
{
    m_pTextEdit->setStyleSheet("QTextEdit{background:transparent;border:none}");
}

对于图像的旗袍对话框类似，只是计算图像的宽高即可

#define PIC_MAX_WIDTH 160
#define PIC_MAX_HEIGHT 90

PictureBubble::PictureBubble(const QPixmap &picture, ChatRole role, QWidget *parent)
    :BubbleFrame(role, parent)
{
    QLabel *lb = new QLabel();
    lb->setScaledContents(true);
    QPixmap pix = picture.scaled(QSize(PIC_MAX_WIDTH, PIC_MAX_HEIGHT), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);
    lb->setPixmap(pix);
    this->setWidget(lb);

    int left_margin = this->layout()->contentsMargins().left();
    int right_margin = this->layout()->contentsMargins().right();
    int v_margin = this->layout()->contentsMargins().bottom();
    setFixedSize(pix.width()+left_margin + right_margin, pix.height() + v_margin *2);
}

发送测试

接下来在发送处实现文本和图片消息的展示，点击发送按钮根据不同的类型创建不同的气泡消息

void ChatPage::on_send_btn_clicked()
{
    auto pTextEdit = ui->chatEdit;
    ChatRole role = ChatRole::Self;
    QString userName = QStringLiteral("123456");
    QString userIcon = ":/res/head_1.jpg";

    const QVector<MsgInfo>& msgList = pTextEdit->getMsgList();
    for(int i=0; i<msgList.size(); ++i)
    {
        QString type = msgList[i].msgFlag;
        ChatItemBase *pChatItem = new ChatItemBase(role);
        pChatItem->setUserName(userName);
        pChatItem->setUserIcon(QPixmap(userIcon));
        QWidget *pBubble = nullptr;
        if(type == "text")
        {
            pBubble = new TextBubble(role, msgList[i].content);
        }
        else if(type == "image")
        {
            pBubble = new PictureBubble(QPixmap(msgList[i].content) , role);
        }
        else if(type == "file")
        {

        }
        if(pBubble != nullptr)
        {
            pChatItem->setWidget(pBubble);
            ui->chat_data_list->appendChatItem(pChatItem);
        }
    }
}