利用Python的turtle库画党旗和国旗

将来Severus

已于 2023-11-14 15:13:54 修改

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文章标签： python

于 2023-11-14 15:13:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_74103873/article/details/134399715

版权

本文详细介绍了如何使用Python的turtle库进行图形绘制，包括定义边框和五角星函数，并应用到党旗和国旗的绘制过程中，展示了坐标转换和多边形填充等技巧。

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# 库的引入以及基础设置
import turtle as t
import math
t.title("党旗和国旗")
t.setup(500,600)
t.speed(2)
t.penup()
'''
定义函数
边框函数，从边框左上角顶点开始，turtle向相对转向角度为90°，循环四次单边并填充颜色，完成边框
startpoint为起点坐标，即边框左上角顶点坐标
'''
def Frame(startpoint):
    t.goto(startpoint)
    t.pendown()
    t.setheading(0)
    t.begin_fill()
    t.color("red")
    t.fd(300)
    t.right(90)
    t.fd(200)
    t.right(90)
    t.fd(300)
    t.right(90)
    t.fd(200)
    t.right(90)
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()
'''
定义五角星函数，从五角星的某一顶点开始，向右给turtle绝对角度，循环五次单边并填充颜色，完成五角星
startpoint 为画五角星时起点顶点的坐标
angle 为turtle需要转向的绝对角度
forward_distance 为turtle画五角星时每次前进的距离
'''
def FiveStar(startpoint,angle,forward_distance):
    t.goto(startpoint)
    t.pendown()
    t.setheading(angle)
    t.begin_fill()
    t.color("yellow")
    for i in range(5):
        t.fd(forward_distance)
        t.right(144)
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()

# 画党旗
Frame((-150,250))    # 边框

# 锤头，输入转换为画布坐标系后的各点坐标
E = (25*28/12-350/3,25*0/12+475/3)
F = (25*32/12-350/3,25*4/12+475/3)
G = (25*7.5/12-350/3,25*14.5/12+475/3)
H = (25*18.5/12-350/3,25*25.5/12+475/3)
I = (25*3/12-350/3,25*19/12+475/3)
J = (25*16/12-350/3,25*28/12+475/3)
L = (25*((57-177**0.5)/4)/12-350/3,25*((121-177**0.5)/4)/12+475/3)
K = (25*12.5/12-350/3,25*32/12+475/3)
alpha = (25*10.5/12-350/3,25*17.5/12+475/3)
beta = (25*14.5/12-350/3,25*21.5/12+475/3)
# JK距离
JK = ((25*16/12-350/3-(25*12.5/12-350/3))**2+(25*28/12+475/3-(25*32/12+475/3))**2)**0.5
# LJ圆弧角度
LJdegree = math.degrees(math.atan(((177**0.5-7)/4)/((177**0.5+7)/4)))+math.degrees(math.atan(7/8))

# 连接并填充颜色
t.begin_fill()
t.color("yellow")
t.goto(E)
t.pd()
t.goto(alpha)
t.goto(G)
t.goto(I)
t.goto(L)
t.setheading(-math.degrees(math.atan(((177**0.5-7)/4)/((177**0.5+7)/4))))     #绝对角度turtle转向至LK圆的相切方向
t.circle(JK,LJdegree)   # 以K为圆心，LK为半径，画弧J
t.goto(H)
t.goto(beta)
t.goto(F)
t.goto(E)
t.end_fill()
t.pu()

# 镰刀 ，输入转换为画布坐标系后的各点坐标
M = (25*16/12-350/3,25*16/12+475/3)
N = (25*16/12-350/3,25*32/12+475/3)
O = (25*16/12-350/3,25*0/12+475/3)
P = (25*16/12-350/3,25*18/12+475/3)
Q = (25*((27-623**0.5)/2)/12-350/3,25*((41-623**0.5)/2)/12+475/3)
R = (25*10/12-350/3,25*16.5/12+475/3)
S = (25*(10+276.25**0.5)/12-350/3,25*16.5/12+475/3)
T = (25*15.5/12-350/3,25*16.5/12+475/3)
U = (25*15.5/12-350/3,25*(22-276.25**0.5)/12+475/3)
V = (25*28/12-350/3,25*0/12+475/3)
W = (25*3.5/12-350/3,25*10.5/12+475/3)
X = (25*2.5/12-350/3,25*2.5/12+475/3)
Y = (25*5/12-350/3,25*3/12+475/3)
Z = (25*3/12-350/3,25*5/12+475/3)
delta1 = (25*(16-9*2**0.5)/12-350/3,25*(18-9*2**0.5)/12+475/3)
delta2 = (25*((6+34**0.5)/4)/12-350/3,25*((14+34**0.5)/4)/12+475/3)
theta1 = (25*(18-158**0.5)/12-350/3,25*(16-158**0.5)/12+475/3)
theta2 = (25*((14+34**0.5)/4)/12-350/3,25*((6+34**0.5)/4)/12+475/3)
# 计算各个半径
MN = 16*(25/12)
PO = 18*(25/12)
RN = 276.25**0.5*(25/12)
TS = (276.25**0.5-5.5)*(25/12)
VU = 276.25**0.5*(25/12)
VW = VU
TU = TS
RS = RN
XX = 2.5*(25/12)
# 计算各个圆弧角度
NOdegree = 180
OQdegree = math.degrees(math.atan((16-(-(2*(524+45*623**0.5)/299)))/18))
NSdegree = math.degrees(math.atan(15.5/6))
SUdegree = 90
UWdegree = math.degrees(math.atan(12/11.5))
ZYdegree = 2+math.degrees(math.asin(2**0.5/2.5))
delta2theta2degree = 360-(2*(math.degrees(math.acos((34**0.5-4)/10))-45))
# 连接并填充颜色
t.setheading(0)
t.goto(N)
t.pd()
t.begin_fill()
t.color("yellow")
t.circle(-MN,NOdegree)
t.circle(-PO,OQdegree)
t.goto(W)
t.setheading(-UWdegree)
t.circle(VW,UWdegree)
t.circle(TU,SUdegree)
t.circle(RS,NSdegree)
t.pu()

t.goto(delta1)
t.pd()
t.goto(delta2)
t.setheading(-(90-math.degrees(math.acos((34**0.5-4)/10))))   # 绝对角度turtle转向至X圆的相切方向
t.circle(-XX,delta2theta2degree)
t.goto(delta2)
t.goto(theta2)
t.goto(theta1)
t.goto(delta1)
t.end_fill()
t.pu()

# 画国旗
# 边框
Frame((-150,-50))
# 大五角星
FiveStar((-100,-70),-72,60*math.cos(18*math.pi/180))
# 第一个小五角星
FiveStar((-50-50*math.sqrt(34)/34,-70-30*math.sqrt(34)/34),18+math.degrees(math.atan(3/5)),20*math.cos(18*math.pi/180))
# 第二个小五角星
FiveStar((-30-7*math.sqrt(2),-90-math.sqrt(2)),18+math.degrees(math.atan(1/7)),20*math.cos(18*math.pi/180))
# 第三个小五角星
FiveStar((-30-70*math.sqrt(53)/53,-120+20*math.sqrt(53)/53),18-math.degrees(math.atan(2/7)),20*math.cos(18*math.pi/180))
# 第四个小五角星
FiveStar((-50-50*math.sqrt(41)/41,-140+40*math.sqrt(41)/41),18-math.degrees(math.atan(4/5)),20*math.cos(18*math.pi/180))

t.hideturtle()  # 隐藏箭头
# 结束
t.done()
t.bye()