Axios入门案例——后端学习

目录

后端准备

导入依赖

解决跨域

User实体类

DemoController测试接口

前端准备

项目结构

axios.js

axios.html

开始测试

后端结果

前端结果

---

后端准备

导入依赖

案例会用到以下的三个依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.83</version>
</dependency>

解决跨域

定义一个过滤器，解决跨域的问题。

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.IOException;

@Component
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;


        response.setHeader("Access-control-Allow-Origin", request.getHeader("Origin"));
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE,PATCH");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", request.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));


        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }
}

User实体类

将接收到的数据封装到User实体类中。

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
}

DemoController测试接口

我们测试两个接口，一个GET请求，一个POST请求。

因为在案例中前端发出的POST请求是以表单的形式传数据，所以不需要加@RequestBody注解。只有在接收json格式的数据时，才需要在参数上加@RequestBody注解。

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.demo.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class DemoController {

    @GetMapping
    public String demo1() {
        System.out.println("get test success!");
        return "get test success!";
    }

    @PostMapping
    public String demo2(User user) {
        System.out.println("post test success!");
        return JSONObject.toJSONString(user);
    }
}

前端准备

项目结构

如图所示，创建项目。

axios.js

这里直接给出，复制粘贴即可。

/* axios v0.18.0 | (c) 2018 by Matt Zabriskie */
!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.axios=t():e.axios=t()}(this,function(){return function(e){function t(r){if(n[r])return n[r].exports;var o=n[r]={exports:{},id:r,loaded:!1};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,t),o.loaded=!0,o.exports}var n={};return t.m=e,t.c=n,t.p="",t(0)}([function(e,t,n){e.exports=n(1)},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){var t=new s(e),n=i(s.prototype.request,t);return o.extend(n,s.prototype,t),o.extend(n,t),n}var o=n(2),i=n(3),s=n(5),u=n(6),a=r(u);a.Axios=s,a.create=function(e){return r(o.merge(u,e))},a.Cancel=n(23),a.CancelToken=n(24),a.isCancel=n(20),a.all=function(e){return Promise.all(e)},a.spread=n(25),e.exports=a,e.exports.default=a},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return"[object Array]"===R.call(e)}function o(e){return"[object ArrayBuffer]"===R.call(e)}function i(e){return"undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData}function s(e){var t;return t="undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&ArrayBuffer.isView?ArrayBuffer.isView(e):e&&e.buffer&&e.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e}function a(e){return"number"==typeof e}function c(e){return"undefined"==typeof e}function f(e){return null!==e&&"object"==typeof e}function p(e){return"[object Date]"===R.call(e)}function d(e){return"[object File]"===R.call(e)}function l(e){return"[object Blob]"===R.call(e)}function h(e){return"[object Function]"===R.call(e)}function m(e){return f(e)&&h(e.pipe)}function y(e){return"undefined"!=typeof URLSearchParams&&e instanceof URLSearchParams}function w(e){return e.replace(/^\s*/,"").replace(/\s*$/,"")}function g(){return("undefined"==typeof navigator||"ReactNative"!==navigator.product)&&("undefined"!=typeof window&&"undefined"!=typeof document)}function v(e,t){if(null!==e&&"undefined"!=typeof e)if("object"!=typeof e&&(e=[e]),r(e))for(var n=0,o=e.length;n<o;n++)t.call(null,e[n],n,e);else for(var i in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,i)&&t.call(null,e[i],i,e)}function x(){function e(e,n){"object"==typeof t[n]&&"object"==typeof e?t[n]=x(t[n],e):t[n]=e}for(var t={},n=0,r=arguments.length;n<r;n++)v(arguments[n],e);return t}function b(e,t,n){return v(t,function(t,r){n&&"function"==typeof t?e[r]=E(t,n):e[r]=t}),e}var E=n(3),C=n(4),R=Object.prototype.toString;e.exports={isArray:r,isArrayBuffer:o,isBuffer:C,isFormData:i,isArrayBufferView:s,isString:u,isNumber:a,isObject:f,isUndefined:c,isDate:p,isFile:d,isBlob:l,isFunction:h,isStream:m,isURLSearchParams:y,isStandardBrowserEnv:g,forEach:v,merge:x,extend:b,trim:w}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,t){return function(){for(var n=new Array(arguments.length),r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]=arguments[r];return e.apply(t,n)}}},function(e,t){function n(e){return!!e.constructor&&"function"==typeof e.constructor.isBuffer&&e.constructor.isBuffer(e)}function r(e){return"function"==typeof e.readFloatLE&&"function"==typeof e.slice&&n(e.slice(0,0))}/*!
 * Determine if an object is a Buffer
 *
 * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org>
 * @license  MIT
 */
    e.exports=function(e){return null!=e&&(n(e)||r(e)||!!e._isBuffer)}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){this.defaults=e,this.interceptors={request:new s,response:new s}}var o=n(6),i=n(2),s=n(17),u=n(18);r.prototype.request=function(e){"string"==typeof e&&(e=i.merge({url:arguments[0]},arguments[1])),e=i.merge(o,{method:"get"},this.defaults,e),e.method=e.method.toLowerCase();var t=[u,void 0],n=Promise.resolve(e);for(this.interceptors.request.forEach(function(e){t.unshift(e.fulfilled,e.rejected)}),this.interceptors.response.forEach(function(e){t.push(e.fulfilled,e.rejected)});t.length;)n=n.then(t.shift(),t.shift());return n},i.forEach(["delete","get","head","options"],function(e){r.prototype[e]=function(t,n){return this.request(i.merge(n||{},{method:e,url:t}))}}),i.forEach(["post","put","patch"],function(e){r.prototype[e]=function(t,n,r){return this.request(i.merge(r||{},{method:e,url:t,data:n}))}}),e.exports=r},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t){!i.isUndefined(e)&&i.isUndefined(e["Content-Type"])&&(e["Content-Type"]=t)}function o(){var e;return"undefined"!=typeof XMLHttpRequest?e=n(8):"undefined"!=typeof process&&(e=n(8)),e}var i=n(2),s=n(7),u={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},a={adapter:o(),transformRequest:[function(e,t){return s(t,"Content-Type"),i.isFormData(e)||i.isArrayBuffer(e)||i.isBuffer(e)||i.isStream(e)||i.isFile(e)||i.isBlob(e)?e:i.isArrayBufferView(e)?e.buffer:i.isURLSearchParams(e)?(r(t,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"),e.toString()):i.isObject(e)?(r(t,"application/json;charset=utf-8"),JSON.stringify(e)):e}],transformResponse:[function(e){if("string"==typeof e)try{e=JSON.parse(e)}catch(e){}return e}],timeout:0,xsrfCookieName:"XSRF-TOKEN",xsrfHeaderName:"X-XSRF-TOKEN",maxContentLength:-1,validateStatus:function(e){return e>=200&&e<300}};a.headers={common:{Accept:"application/json, text/plain, */*"}},i.forEach(["delete","get","head"],function(e){a.headers[e]={}}),i.forEach(["post","put","patch"],function(e){a.headers[e]=i.merge(u)}),e.exports=a},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2);e.exports=function(e,t){r.forEach(e,function(n,r){r!==t&&r.toUpperCase()===t.toUpperCase()&&(e[t]=n,delete e[r])})}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2),o=n(9),i=n(12),s=n(13),u=n(14),a=n(10),c="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.btoa&&window.btoa.bind(window)||n(15);e.exports=function(e){return new Promise(function(t,f){var p=e.data,d=e.headers;r.isFormData(p)&&delete d["Content-Type"];var l=new XMLHttpRequest,h="onreadystatechange",m=!1;if("undefined"==typeof window||!window.XDomainRequest||"withCredentials"in l||u(e.url)||(l=new window.XDomainRequest,h="onload",m=!0,l.onprogress=function(){},l.ontimeout=function(){}),e.auth){var y=e.auth.username||"",w=e.auth.password||"";d.Authorization="Basic "+c(y+":"+w)}if(l.open(e.method.toUpperCase(),i(e.url,e.params,e.paramsSerializer),!0),l.timeout=e.timeout,l[h]=function(){if(l&&(4===l.readyState||m)&&(0!==l.status||l.responseURL&&0===l.responseURL.indexOf("file:"))){var n="getAllResponseHeaders"in l?s(l.getAllResponseHeaders()):null,r=e.responseType&&"text"!==e.responseType?l.response:l.responseText,i={data:r,status:1223===l.status?204:l.status,statusText:1223===l.status?"No Content":l.statusText,headers:n,config:e,request:l};o(t,f,i),l=null}},l.onerror=function(){f(a("Network Error",e,null,l)),l=null},l.ontimeout=function(){f(a("timeout of "+e.timeout+"ms exceeded",e,"ECONNABORTED",l)),l=null},r.isStandardBrowserEnv()){var g=n(16),v=(e.withCredentials||u(e.url))&&e.xsrfCookieName?g.read(e.xsrfCookieName):void 0;v&&(d[e.xsrfHeaderName]=v)}if("setRequestHeader"in l&&r.forEach(d,function(e,t){"undefined"==typeof p&&"content-type"===t.toLowerCase()?delete d[t]:l.setRequestHeader(t,e)}),e.withCredentials&&(l.withCredentials=!0),e.responseType)try{l.responseType=e.responseType}catch(t){if("json"!==e.responseType)throw t}"function"==typeof e.onDownloadProgress&&l.addEventListener("progress",e.onDownloadProgress),"function"==typeof e.onUploadProgress&&l.upload&&l.upload.addEventListener("progress",e.onUploadProgress),e.cancelToken&&e.cancelToken.promise.then(function(e){l&&(l.abort(),f(e),l=null)}),void 0===p&&(p=null),l.send(p)})}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(10);e.exports=function(e,t,n){var o=n.config.validateStatus;n.status&&o&&!o(n.status)?t(r("Request failed with status code "+n.status,n.config,null,n.request,n)):e(n)}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(11);e.exports=function(e,t,n,o,i){var s=new Error(e);return r(s,t,n,o,i)}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,t,n,r,o){return e.config=t,n&&(e.code=n),e.request=r,e.response=o,e}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/%40/gi,"@").replace(/%3A/gi,":").replace(/%24/g,"$").replace(/%2C/gi,",").replace(/%20/g,"+").replace(/%5B/gi,"[").replace(/%5D/gi,"]")}var o=n(2);e.exports=function(e,t,n){if(!t)return e;var i;if(n)i=n(t);else if(o.isURLSearchParams(t))i=t.toString();else{var s=[];o.forEach(t,function(e,t){null!==e&&"undefined"!=typeof e&&(o.isArray(e)?t+="[]":e=[e],o.forEach(e,function(e){o.isDate(e)?e=e.toISOString():o.isObject(e)&&(e=JSON.stringify(e)),s.push(r(t)+"="+r(e))}))}),i=s.join("&")}return i&&(e+=(e.indexOf("?")===-1?"?":"&")+i),e}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2),o=["age","authorization","content-length","content-type","etag","expires","from","host","if-modified-since","if-unmodified-since","last-modified","location","max-forwards","proxy-authorization","referer","retry-after","user-agent"];e.exports=function(e){var t,n,i,s={};return e?(r.forEach(e.split("\n"),function(e){if(i=e.indexOf(":"),t=r.trim(e.substr(0,i)).toLowerCase(),n=r.trim(e.substr(i+1)),t){if(s[t]&&o.indexOf(t)>=0)return;"set-cookie"===t?s[t]=(s[t]?s[t]:[]).concat([n]):s[t]=s[t]?s[t]+", "+n:n}}),s):s}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2);e.exports=r.isStandardBrowserEnv()?function(){function e(e){var t=e;return n&&(o.setAttribute("href",t),t=o.href),o.setAttribute("href",t),{href:o.href,protocol:o.protocol?o.protocol.replace(/:$/,""):"",host:o.host,search:o.search?o.search.replace(/^\?/,""):"",hash:o.hash?o.hash.replace(/^#/,""):"",hostname:o.hostname,port:o.port,pathname:"/"===o.pathname.charAt(0)?o.pathname:"/"+o.pathname}}var t,n=/(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent),o=document.createElement("a");return t=e(window.location.href),function(n){var o=r.isString(n)?e(n):n;return o.protocol===t.protocol&&o.host===t.host}}():function(){return function(){return!0}}()},function(e,t){"use strict";function n(){this.message="String contains an invalid character"}function r(e){for(var t,r,i=String(e),s="",u=0,a=o;i.charAt(0|u)||(a="=",u%1);s+=a.charAt(63&t>>8-u%1*8)){if(r=i.charCodeAt(u+=.75),r>255)throw new n;t=t<<8|r}return s}var o="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=";n.prototype=new Error,n.prototype.code=5,n.prototype.name="InvalidCharacterError",e.exports=r},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2);e.exports=r.isStandardBrowserEnv()?function(){return{write:function(e,t,n,o,i,s){var u=[];u.push(e+"="+encodeURIComponent(t)),r.isNumber(n)&&u.push("expires="+new Date(n).toGMTString()),r.isString(o)&&u.push("path="+o),r.isString(i)&&u.push("domain="+i),s===!0&&u.push("secure"),document.cookie=u.join("; ")},read:function(e){var t=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^|;\\s*)("+e+")=([^;]*)"));return t?decodeURIComponent(t[3]):null},remove:function(e){this.write(e,"",Date.now()-864e5)}}}():function(){return{write:function(){},read:function(){return null},remove:function(){}}}()},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(){this.handlers=[]}var o=n(2);r.prototype.use=function(e,t){return this.handlers.push({fulfilled:e,rejected:t}),this.handlers.length-1},r.prototype.eject=function(e){this.handlers[e]&&(this.handlers[e]=null)},r.prototype.forEach=function(e){o.forEach(this.handlers,function(t){null!==t&&e(t)})},e.exports=r},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){e.cancelToken&&e.cancelToken.throwIfRequested()}var o=n(2),i=n(19),s=n(20),u=n(6),a=n(21),c=n(22);e.exports=function(e){r(e),e.baseURL&&!a(e.url)&&(e.url=c(e.baseURL,e.url)),e.headers=e.headers||{},e.data=i(e.data,e.headers,e.transformRequest),e.headers=o.merge(e.headers.common||{},e.headers[e.method]||{},e.headers||{}),o.forEach(["delete","get","head","post","put","patch","common"],function(t){delete e.headers[t]});var t=e.adapter||u.adapter;return t(e).then(function(t){return r(e),t.data=i(t.data,t.headers,e.transformResponse),t},function(t){return s(t)||(r(e),t&&t.response&&(t.response.data=i(t.response.data,t.response.headers,e.transformResponse))),Promise.reject(t)})}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2);e.exports=function(e,t,n){return r.forEach(n,function(n){e=n(e,t)}),e}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){return!(!e||!e.__CANCEL__)}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){return/^([a-z][a-z\d\+\-\.]*:)?\/\//i.test(e)}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,t){return t?e.replace(/\/+$/,"")+"/"+t.replace(/^\/+/,""):e}},function(e,t){"use strict";function n(e){this.message=e}n.prototype.toString=function(){return"Cancel"+(this.message?": "+this.message:"")},n.prototype.__CANCEL__=!0,e.exports=n},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){if("function"!=typeof e)throw new TypeError("executor must be a function.");var t;this.promise=new Promise(function(e){t=e});var n=this;e(function(e){n.reason||(n.reason=new o(e),t(n.reason))})}var o=n(23);r.prototype.throwIfRequested=function(){if(this.reason)throw this.reason},r.source=function(){var e,t=new r(function(t){e=t});return{token:t,cancel:e}},e.exports=r},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e){return function(t){return e.apply(null,t)}}}])});
//# sourceMappingURL=axios.min.map

axios.html

当点击对应的按钮，会发出相应的请求，将返回的结果打印在控制台。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <script src="js/axios.js"></script>
</head>

<body>

    <input type="button" value="获取数据GET" onclick="get()">
    <input type="button" value="获取数据POST" onclick="post()">

</body>

<script>
    function get() {
        axios({
            method: "get",
            url: "http://localhost:8080/test"
        }).then(result => {
            console.log(result.data)
        })
    }

    function post() {
        axios({
            method: "post",
            url: "http://localhost:8080/test",
            data: "id=1&username=艾伦"
        }).then(result => {
            console.log(result.data)
        })
    }
</script>

</html>

开始测试

将后端代码运行起来，然后在浏览器中打开前端页面。点击按钮后查看结果，可以看到后端成功响应了请求，并且前端也成功接收到了数据。

后端结果

前端结果