读取数据文件及部分平台yum网络源配置

卧雪残灯客

已于 2024-07-16 18:02:53 修改

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文章标签：开发语言 linux

于 2024-07-16 17:53:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_74793290/article/details/140472756

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练习1.插⼊优盘，读取优盘数据

指令：
[root@web1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 45.1G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 1 29.3G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 29.3G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 8.8G 0 rom /mnt
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir /media/myusb
[root@web1 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /media/myusb/
[root@web1 ~]# df -h
文件系统容量已用可用已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 46G 7.2G 38G 16% /
devtmpfs 224M 0 224M 0% /dev
tmpfs 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 236M 5.7M 230M 3% /run
tmpfs 236M 0 236M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M 14% /boot
/dev/sr0 8.8G 8.8G 0 100% /dvd
tmpfs 48M 0 48M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 30G 25G 4.9G 84% /media/myusb
结果：
[root@web1 ~]# ls /media/myusb/
?? 7 Audiobooks kugoumusic Pictures ??.pptx
?? 8 DCIM LOST.DIR Podcasts Ringtones
??? 9 Documents Movies ??????.pptx System Volume Information
??? a Download Music ?????.pptx ?????Web???????????2023.docx
~$???1.xlsm Alarms eNSP Notifications ?????.pptx web????-??????????.doc
?????(3)(1)(1)(1).pptx Android java.rtf ???????????????.pdf ???.pptx ~$???.xlsm

练习2.在vmware配置光盘iso⽂件，在linux系统中读取光盘⽂件

指令：
[root@web1 ~]# mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt/
[root@web1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 45.1G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 8.8G 0 rom /mnt
结果：
[root@web1 ~]# ls /mnt/
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL

练习3.配置阿⾥云yum仓库

指令：
[root@web1 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo.bak
[root@web1 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
bak.tar.gz CentOS-Base.repo.bak local.repo.backup soft.repo.bak
[root@web1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2024-07-16 16:47:49-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 140.249.108.222, 140.249.108.219, 140.249.108.217
正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|140.249.108.222|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”

100%[=======================================================================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s 用时 0.008s

2024-07-16 16:47:49 (299 KB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” [2523/2523])
[root@web1 ~]# yum clean all
结果：
[root@web1 ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:23
(3/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 253 kB 00:00:01
(4/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 305 kB 00:00:01
(5/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 154 kB 00:00:00
(6/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:27
(7/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:10
(8/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 15 MB 00:00:59
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.6 MB 00:00:07
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 27 MB 00:01:47
元数据缓存已建立

练习4.配置清华镜像仓库

镜像支持结束，官网无CentOS7镜像

练习5.配置腾讯镜像仓库

指令：
[root@web1 ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[root@web1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
--2024-07-16 17:06:13-- https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.cloud.tencent.com (mirrors.cloud.tencent.com)... 150.138.251.99, 150.138.251.98, 240e:946:3009:1:8000:0:b00:98, ...
正在连接 mirrors.cloud.tencent.com (mirrors.cloud.tencent.com)|150.138.251.99|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：1694 (1.7K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”

100%[=======================================================================================>] 1,694 --.-K/s 用时 0s

2024-07-16 17:06:13 (524 MB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” [1694/1694])
[root@web1 ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在清理软件源： extras os updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
结果：
[root@web1 ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
os | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 253 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 305 kB 00:00:00
(3/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 154 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): os/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(5/10): os/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:01
(6/10): os/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:00
(7/10): os/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:01
(8/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 15 MB 00:00:06
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.6 MB 00:00:00
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 27 MB 00:00:07
元数据缓存已建立

练习6.⾃建仓库包含 tree net-tools bash-completion nginx tree等包

指令：
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=./soft/ tree net-tools bash-completion nginx
[root@web1 ~]# ls soft/
avahi-libs-0.6.31-20.el7.x86_64.rpm pyldb-1.5.4-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
bash-completion-2.1-8.el7.noarch.rpm pytalloc-2.1.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
cups-libs-1.6.3-52.el7_9.x86_64.rpm python-tdb-1.3.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
gnutls-3.3.29-9.el7_6.x86_64.rpm repodata
libldb-1.5.4-2.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
libtalloc-2.1.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-client-libs-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
libtdb-1.3.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-common-4.10.16-25.el7_9.noarch.rpm
libtevent-0.9.39-1.el7.x86_64.rpm samba-common-libs-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
libwbclient-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm samba-common-tools-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
nettle-2.7.1-9.el7_9.x86_64.rpm samba-libs-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm trousers-0.3.14-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
nginx-1.26.1-2.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install createrepo
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
软件包 createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@web1 ~]# createrepo soft/
Spawning worker 0 with 11 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 10 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/soft.repo
[soft]
name=soft
baseurl=file:///root/soft/
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
[root@web1 ~]# yum clean all
[root@web1 ~]# yum makecache
结果：
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install tree
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=================================================================================================================================
Package 架构版本源大小
=================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 os 46 k

事务概要
=================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包

总下载量：46 k
安装大小：87 k
Downloading packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1

已安装:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7

完毕！
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install net-tools
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7 将被升级
---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 将被更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

事务概要
=================================================================================================================================
升级 1 软件包

总下载量：306 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for os
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm | 306 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在更新 : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/2
清理 : net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64 2/2
验证中 : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/2
验证中 : net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64 2/2

更新完毕:
net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7

完毕！
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 bash-completion.noarch.1.2.1-6.el7 将被升级
---> 软件包 bash-completion.noarch.1.2.1-8.el7 将被更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

事务概要
=================================================================================================================================
升级 1 软件包

总下载量：87 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for os
bash-completion-2.1-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 87 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在更新 : 1:bash-completion-2.1-8.el7.noarch 1/2
清理 : 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch 2/2
验证中 : 1:bash-completion-2.1-8.el7.noarch 1/2
验证中 : 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch 2/2

更新完毕:
bash-completion.noarch 1:2.1-8.el7

完毕！
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.26.1-2.el7.ngx 将被安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

事务概要
=================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包

总计：807 k
安装大小：2.8 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : 1:nginx-1.26.1-2.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/support.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/

----------------------------------------------------------------------
验证中 : 1:nginx-1.26.1-2.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1

已安装:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.26.1-2.el7.ngx

完毕！