【Spring Boot】二、Spring常用配置

1Java元注解

@Retention：注解的保留位置　　　　　　　　　

• @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)   //注解仅存在于源码中，在class字节码文件中不包含
• @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)     // 默认的保留策略，注解会在class字节码文件中存在，但运行时无法获得，
• @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)  // 注解会在class字节码文件中存在，在运行时可以通过反射获取到

@Target:注解的作用目标　　　　　　　

• @Target(ElementType.TYPE)   //接口、类、枚举、注解
• @Target(ElementType.FIELD) //字段、枚举的常量
• @Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
• @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
• @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)  //构造函数
• @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量
• @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)//注解
• @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///包   

@Document：说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中

@Inherited：说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解

2@Scope

描述容器如何创建Bean：

1. Singleton：一个容器只有一个Bean实例，Spring的默认配置
2. Prototype：每次调用新建一个Bean实例
3. Request：每个http request新建一个Bean实例
4. Session：每个http session新建一个Bean实例
5. GlobalSession：这个使用在portal应用中，给每个global http session新建一个Bean实例

默认（Singleton）和prototype样例：

@Service
public class DemoSingletonService {

}

@Service
@Scope("prototype")
public class DemoPrototypeService {
    
}

效验：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.scope;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.study.spring.spring5.config.scope")
public class ScopeApp {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ScopeApp.class);
	DemoSingletonService demoSingletonServiceFirst = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class);
	DemoSingletonService demoSingletonServiceSecond = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class);
	DemoPrototypeService demoPrototypeServiceFirst = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class);
	DemoPrototypeService demoPrototypeServiceSecond = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class);
	System.out.println("DemoSingletonService 前后两次获得对象是否相同："+demoSingletonServiceFirst.equals(demoSingletonServiceSecond));
	System.out.println("DemoPrototypeService 前后两次获得对象是否相同："+demoPrototypeServiceFirst.equals(demoPrototypeServiceSecond));
	context.close();
    }
}

结果：

DemoSingletonService 前后两次获得对象是否相同：true
DemoPrototypeService 前后两次获得对象是否相同：false

3Spring EL和资源注入

演示：

pom添加文件操作库

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
	<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
	<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>

配置类：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.el;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
/**
 * EL配置类
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.study.spring.spring5.config.el")
@PropertySource("classpath:config/el.properties")
public class ElConfig {
    /**
     * 注入SystemProperties内属性
     */
    @Value("#{systemProperties['os.name']}")
    private String osName;
    /**
     * 注入表达式结果
     */
    @Value("#{T(java.lang.Math).random()*100.0}")
    private double randomNumber;
    /**
     * 注入其他Bean内属性
     */
    @Value("#{someConfig.message}")
    private String otherObjMessage;
    /**
     * 注入文件资源
     */
    @Value("classpath:config/el.properties")
    private Resource testFile;
    /**
     * 注入网站资源
     */
    @Value("https://blog.csdn.net/qqchaozai")
    private Resource testUrl;
    /**
     * 注入配置文件
     */
    @Value("${code.author}")
    private String codeAuthor;
//    /**
//     * 注入配置文件--两种方式冲突，会因两次加载而触发异常
//     */
//    @Autowired
//    private Environment environment;
//
//    /**
//     * 注入配置文件
//     */
//    @Bean
//    public static PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigure() {
//	return new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
//    }

    public void outputResource() {
	try {
	    System.out.println(osName);
	    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");
	    System.out.println(randomNumber);
	    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");
	    System.out.println(otherObjMessage);
	    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");
	    System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testFile.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
	    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");
	    System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testUrl.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")).substring(0, 100));
	    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");
	    System.out.println(codeAuthor);
//	    System.out.println(environment.getProperty("code.author"));
	} catch (Exception e) {
	    e.printStackTrace();
	}
    }

}

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.el;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Component
public class SomeConfig {
    /**
     * 注入字符串
     */
    @Value("SomeConfig-message")
    private String message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
    
}

验证：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.el;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
public class ElApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ElConfig.class);
	ElConfig elConfig = context.getBean(ElConfig.class);
	elConfig.outputResource();
	context.close();
    }
}

结果：

Windows 7
------------------------------------------------------------
0.39485181937940483
------------------------------------------------------------
SomeConfig-message
------------------------------------------------------------
code.author:chaozai
------------------------------------------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <link rel="canonical" href
------------------------------------------------------------
chaozai

4Bean的初始化和销毁

两种方式：

1. Java配置：@Bean添加属性initMethod和destroyMethod
2. 注解方式：JSR-250中@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy

pom添加依赖：

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.annotation/jsr250-api -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
</dependency>

java配置：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.initdestroy;

/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
public class BeanWayService {
    
    public BeanWayService() {
	super();
	System.out.println("BeanWayService bean create");
    }
    
    public void init(){
	System.out.println("BeanWayService init method");
    }
    
    public void destroy(){
	System.out.println("BeanWayService destory method");
    }
    
}

注解方式：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.initdestroy;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
public class JSR250WayService {
    
    public JSR250WayService() {
	super();
	System.out.println("JSR250WayService bean create");
    }
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
	System.out.println("JSR250WayService init method");
    }
    @PreDestroy
    public void destory(){
	System.out.println("JSR250WayService destory method");
    }
}

验证：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.initdestroy;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 * 
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.study.spring.spring5.config.initdestroy")
public class InitDestroyApp {
    
    @Bean(initMethod="init",destroyMethod="destroy")
    BeanWayService beanWayService(){
	return new BeanWayService();
    }
    @Bean
    JSR250WayService jSR250WayService(){
	return new JSR250WayService();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(InitDestroyApp.class);
	context.getBean(BeanWayService.class);
	context.getBean(JSR250WayService.class);
	context.close();
    }
    
}

结果：

BeanWayService bean create
BeanWayService init method
JSR250WayService bean create
JSR250WayService init method
JSR250WayService destory method
BeanWayService destory method

5Profile

为不同环境应用不同配置提供支持

样例：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.profile;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
public class DemoBean {
    
    public DemoBean(String type) {
	System.out.println("type:"+type);
    }
}

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.profile;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
/**
 * 
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.study.spring.spring5.config.profile")
public class ProfileApp {
    
    @Bean
    @Profile("prod")
    DemoBean prodDemoBean(){
	return new DemoBean("product");
    }
    
    @Bean
    @Profile("dev")
    DemoBean devDemoBean(){
	return new DemoBean("develop");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
	context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("prod");
	context.register(ProfileApp.class);
	context.refresh();
	context.getBean(DemoBean.class);
	context.close();
	context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
	context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("dev");
	context.register(ProfileApp.class);
	context.refresh();
	context.getBean(DemoBean.class);
	context.close();
    }
    
}

结果：

type:product
type:develop

6事件（Application Event）

自定义事件：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.event;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;

/**
 * 自定义事件
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
public class DemoEvent extends ApplicationEvent{
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1404313071348144822L;
    
    private String msg;
    
    public DemoEvent(Object source,String msg) {
	super(source);
	this.msg = msg;
    }
    public String getMsg(){
	return msg;
    }
    public void setMsg(String msg){
	this.msg = msg;
    }
}

自定义事件监听器：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.event;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * 自定义事件监听器
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Component
public class DemoListener implements ApplicationListener<DemoEvent>{

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(DemoEvent event) {
	String msg = event.getMsg();
	System.out.println("receive msg from publisher,msg info:"+msg);
    }

}

事件发布者：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.event;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * 事件发布者
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Component
public class DemoPublisher {
    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext context;
    /**
     * 推送消息
     * @param msg
     */
    public void publishMsg(String msg){
	context.publishEvent(new DemoEvent(this, msg));
    }
}

验证：

package com.study.spring.spring5.config.event;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
 * 测试Spring事件监听
 * @author chaozai
 * @date 2018年9月6日
 *
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.study.spring.spring5.config.event")
public class EventApp {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(EventApp.class);
	context.getBean(DemoPublisher.class).publishMsg("hello application event！");
	context.close();
    }
}

结果：

receive msg from publisher,msg info:hello application event！

 

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