设计模式之观察者模式

1）概念

观察者：指观察者对象，也是消息的订阅者

被观察者：指为观察的目标对象，也就是消息的发布者。

（2）观察者模式又称为发布—订阅（Publish/Subscribe）模式，观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者同时监听一个主题对象，而每当那一个主题对象发生变化的时候，它就会通知所有的观察对象，使它们能够自动更新自己。

（3）每一个模式描述了我们周围重复不断变化的问题，以及该问题的解决方案核心

（4）每一个特定的问题，他都会有自己的特定解决方法套路。

代码案例：

（1）老师订阅类

/// <summary>
        /// 老师订阅类
        /// </summary>

        public class Teacher
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 订阅者：学生对象
            /// </summary>
            public Student Student { get; set; }

            public string Symbol { get; set; }

            public string Info { get; set; }

            public void Updata()
            {
                if (Student != null)
                {
                    //调用订阅者来通知订阅者
                    Student.ReceiveAndPintData(this);
                }
            }
        }

（2）订阅者

 //订阅者类
        public class Student
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }

            public Student(string name)
            {
                this.Name = name;
            }

            public void ReceiveAndPintData(Teacher teacher)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("我是{0}一个{1}:{2}",Name,teacher.Symbol,teacher.Info);
            }
        }
        

（3）客户端显示

//客户端显示

Student student = new Student("student");
            Teacher teacher = new Teacher();

            teacher.Student = student;
            teacher.Info = "老师对我说:小子！别跑，代码还没有打完呢？你想溜............";

            teacher.Updata();

            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.ReadKey();

（4）整体代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace testAopByDecorator
{
    class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 老师订阅类
        /// </summary>

        public class Teacher
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 订阅者：学生对象
            /// </summary>
            public Student Student { get; set; }

            public string Symbol { get; set; }

            public string Info { get; set; }

            public void Updata()
            {
                if (Student != null)
                {
                    //调用订阅者来通知订阅者
                    Student.ReceiveAndPintData(this);
                }
            }
        }

        //订阅者类
        public class Student
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }

            public Student(string name)
            {
                this.Name = name;
            }

            public void ReceiveAndPintData(Teacher teacher)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("我是{0}一个{1}:{2}",Name,teacher.Symbol,teacher.Info);
            }
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端显示
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="args"></param>
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student student = new Student("student");
            Teacher teacher = new Teacher();

            teacher.Student = student;
            teacher.Info = "老师对我说:小子！别跑，代码还没有打完呢？你想溜............";

            teacher.Updata();

            Console.ReadLine();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

（5）运行效果

 如果有细心观察的朋友就会发现，上面的代码是有一些错误的，想一想，如果上面的其中一个类发生了改变，那么另外的类也就发生了改变，那么这样子的话，就达不到开闭原则的要求，也就达不到我们想要让一个程序达到理想的效果，那么该什么样解决呢？请看如下的实例运用代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace testAopByDecorator
{
    class Program
    {
        //委托订阅者接口类

        public delegate void NotifyEventHandler(object sender);

        //抽象订阅类
        public class School
        {
            public NotifyEventHandler NotifyEvent;

            public string Symbol { get; set; }

            public string Info { get; set; }

            public School(string symbol,string info)
            {
                this.Symbol = symbol;
                this.Info = info;
            }

            public School()
            {

            }

            //新增对订阅号列表的维护操作
            public void AddObserver(NotifyEventHandler ob)
            {
                NotifyEvent += ob;
            }

            //减少对订阅号列表的维护操作
            public void RemoveObserver(NotifyEventHandler ob)
            {
                NotifyEvent -= ob;
            }

            public void Update()
            {
                if (NotifyEvent != null)
                {
                    NotifyEvent(this);
                }
            }
        }

        //具体订阅类
        public class Student : School
        {
            public Student(string symbol, string info) : base(symbol, info)
            {

            }
        }

        //具体订阅者类
        public class Subscriber
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }

            public Subscriber(string name)
            {
                this.Name = name;
            }

            public void ReceiveAndPrint(object obj)
            {
                School school = obj as School;

                if (school != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("我是{0}一个{1}:{2}", Name, school.Symbol, school.Info);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端显示
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="args"></param>
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            School school = new School();

            Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber("哈哈哈......");
            Subscriber subscribers = new Subscriber("嘻嘻嘻.....");

            school.AddObserver(new NotifyEventHandler(subscriber.ReceiveAndPrint));
            school.AddObserver(new NotifyEventHandler(subscribers.ReceiveAndPrint));

            school.Update();

            Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------");
            Console.WriteLine("移除subscribers订阅者");
            school.RemoveObserver(new NotifyEventHandler(subscriber.ReceiveAndPrint));
            school.Update();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

运行效果：