JDBC学习笔记《LippChan学习笔记》

JDBC

数据库驱动

jdbc提供java操作数据库规范,用与链接三者的工具。

statement对象,用来执行sql语句

resultSet对象,用来保存查找到数据

个人项目讲解

创建db.properties

driver=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
url=jdbc:sqlserver://10.127.79.56:1433;databaseName=ETL_E2E
userName=sa
password=password

创建JdbcUtils类

框架
框架

表结构
表结构

private static String driver = null;
	private static String url = null;
	private static String userName = null;
	private static String password = null;

这是与db文件常量相互映射

	public static Connection getConnetion() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException {

		InputStream in = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
		Properties properties = new Properties();
		properties.load(in);
		driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
		url = properties.getProperty("url");
		userName = properties.getProperty("userName");
		password = properties.getProperty("password");
		
		//driver only load once
		Class.forName(driver);		Connection conAIU = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);

		return conAIU;
	}

上面是utils的链接数据库方法,返回链接到的数据库。

	public static void release(Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
		if (stmt != null) {
			try {
				stmt.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			stmt = null;
		}
		if (conn != null) {
			try {
				conn.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			conn = null;
		}
	}

上面是链接释放method,每次链接完必须释放掉资源。

	public static void release(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
		if (rs != null) {
			try {
				rs.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			rs = null;
		}
		release(stmt, conn);
	}

}

上面是release()的重载,适用于有用到resultset变量的方法上。

创建实体类————Student

public class Student {
	public int id;
	public String name;
	public int age;

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

}

此类作用就是于数据库的目标表相互映射,再给fields创建get()&set()方法,作用类似django的models。

创建dao层,用来编写管理数据的方法

package com.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.jdbc.domain.Student;
import com.jdbc.utils.JDBCUtils;

public class StudentDao {

	public boolean insert(Student student) {
		// insert user
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "INSERT INTO stu02(id,name,age)" + " VALUES(" + student.getId() + ",'" + student.getName()
					+ "'," + student.getAge() + ")";
			int num = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
			if (num > 0) {
				System.out.println("成功增加数据"+student);
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}

插入方法,返回布尔值,表示是否成功插入数据,将输入的实体类Student的各个filed映射成表结构,insert数据库中


	
	public ArrayList<Student> findAll(){
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		ArrayList<Student> list =new ArrayList<Student>();
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "SELECT * FROM stu02";
			rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
			while(rs.next()) {
				if(rs.getString("name")=="lily") {
					
					break;
				}
				Student student =new Student();
				student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
				student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
				student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
				list.add(student);
			}
			return list;
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return null;
	}
	

findall作用:查询所有数据,将其每个rs保存成student,返回到ArrayList集合中

	public Student find(int id) {
		//select by id
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "SELECT * FROM stu02 WHERE id=" + id;
			rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
			while(rs.next()) {
				Student student =new Student();
				student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
				student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
				student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
				return student;
			}
			return null;
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return null;
	}
	

按id查找

	
	public boolean delete(int id) {
		//delete by id
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "DELETE FROM stu02 WHERE id=" + id;
			int num = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
			if (num > 0) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}
	

按id删除,也就跟插入差不多

	public boolean update(Student student) {
	
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "UPDATE stu02 set name='" + student.getName()
			+ "',age=" + student.getAge() + " WHERE id=" + student.getId();
			int num = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
			if (num > 0) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}
}

将输入的student类数据保存,id是主键。

创建Test类

deleteTest
public class deleteTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
		boolean b = sd.delete(3);
		System.out.println(b);
	}
}

结果:

true
findAll()
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
		ArrayList<Student> list= sd.findAll();
		for(int i =0; i<list.size();i++) {
			System.out.println("第"+ (i+1) +"条的数据username值为:"+ list.get(i).getName());
		}
	}
	}
findById
package com.jdbc.Test;
import com.jdbc.dao.StudentDao;
import com.jdbc.domain.Student;
public class findStudentById {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
		Student student = sd.find(6);
		
		System.out.println("id为"+student.getId()+"的name:"+ student.getName());
		
	}
	
}

insert
public class insertTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
	Student student = new Student();
	student.setId(6);
	student.setName("shiqian6");
	student.setAge(49);
	boolean b =sd.insert(student);
	System.out.println(b);
}
}

update
public class insertTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
	Student student = new Student();
	student.setId(6);
	student.setName("shiqian6");
	student.setAge(49);
	boolean b =sd.insert(student);
	System.out.println(b);
}
}

sql注入

sql安全是重中之重,我们现在dao层增加一个Query方法,用一个String变量来当查询条件

public void query(String name) {
		//select by name
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "SELECT * FROM stu02 WHERE name='" + name+"'";
			rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
			while(rs.next()) {
				
				System.out.println(rs.getInt("id"));
				System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
				System.out.println(rs.getInt("age"));
				
			}
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		
	}
	

编写一个正常test类

public class QueryTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
		//sd.query("shiqian'"+"or 1='1");
		sd.query("shiqian3");
	}
	
}

结果:

3
shiqian3
47

注入情况


public class QueryTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
		sd.query("shiqian3'"+"or 1='1");
		System.out.println("============================");
		sd.query("shiqian3");
	}
	
}

result:

1
jack
18
2
lily
19
3
shiqian3
47
4
update01_qian
101
6
shiqian6
49
============================
3
shiqian3
47

parperdSTament

为了降低SQL注入的风险性
可以用ParperedStament解决这个问题
该项目的Insert修改成下列代码

public boolean insert(Student student) {
		// insert user
		Connection conn = null;
		//Statement stmt = null;
		PreparedStatement pst =null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			String sql = "INSERT INTO stu02(id,name,age)" + " VALUES(?,?,?)";
			pst =conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			pst.setInt(1, student.getId());
			pst.setString(2, student.getName());
			pst.setInt(3, student.getAge());
			int num = pst.executeUpdate();
			if (num > 0) {
				System.out.println("成功增加数据"+student);
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}

将本来sql语句的修改值用占位符?代替,然后再用set值,一一对应。
test效果

StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
	Student student = new Student();
	student.setId(7);
	student.setName("shiqian7");
	student.setAge(98);
	boolean b =sd.insert(student);
	
	System.out.println(b);
	System.out.println("========================");
	if(b == true) {
		String name =student.getName();
		sd.query(name);
	}

result:

成功增加数据com.jdbc.domain.Student@6c6cb480
true
========================
7
shiqian7
98

所以成功添加数据
具体用parperedstatment修改后的代码

package com.jdbc.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.jdbc.domain.Student;
import com.jdbc.utils.JDBCUtils;

public class StudentDao {
	public boolean insert(Student student) {
		// insert user
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		PreparedStatement pst = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			String sql = "INSERT INTO stu02(id,name,age)" + " VALUES(?,?,?)";
			pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			pst.setInt(1, student.getId());
			pst.setString(2, student.getName());
			pst.setInt(3, student.getAge());
			int num = pst.executeUpdate();
			if (num > 0) {
				System.out.println("成功增加数据" + student);
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, pst, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}

	public ArrayList<Student> findAll() {
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;

		ResultSet rs = null;
		ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "SELECT * FROM stu02";
			rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
			while (rs.next()) {
				if (rs.getString("name") == "lily") {

					break;
				}
				Student student = new Student();
				student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
				student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
				student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
				list.add(student);
			}
			return list;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return null;
	}

	public Student find(int id) {
		// select by id
		Connection conn = null;
		PreparedStatement pst = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			String sql = "SELECT * FROM stu02 WHERE id=" + "(?)";
			pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			pst.setInt(1, id);
			rs = pst.executeQuery();
			while (rs.next()) {
				Student student = new Student();
				student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
				student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
				student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
				return student;
			}
			return null;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, pst, conn);
		}
		return null;
	}

	public void query(String name) {
		// select by name
		Connection conn = null;
		PreparedStatement pst = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			String sql = "SELECT * FROM stu02 WHERE name=(?)";
			pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			pst.setString(1, name);
			rs = pst.executeQuery();
			while (rs.next()) {

				System.out.println(rs.getInt("id"));
				System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
				System.out.println(rs.getInt("age"));

			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, pst, conn);
		}

	}

	public boolean delete(int id) {
		// delete by id
		Connection conn = null;
		// Statement stmt = null;
		PreparedStatement pst = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			String sql = "DELETE FROM stu02 WHERE id=" + "(?)";

			pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			pst.setInt(1, id);
			int num = pst.executeUpdate();
			if (num > 0) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, pst, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}

	public boolean update(Student student) {

		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			String sql = "UPDATE stu02 set name='" + student.getName() + "',age=" + student.getAge() + " WHERE id="
					+ student.getId();
			int num = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
			if (num > 0) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCUtils.release(rs, stmt, conn);
		}
		return false;
	}

}


public class QueryTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StudentDao sd = new StudentDao();
		sd.query("shiqian3"+"or 1=1");
		System.out.println("============================");
		sd.query("lily");
	}
	
}

结果

============================
2
lily
19

重点分析一下query,再上一章,很明显看出sql注入的危害,通过更新后的代码,避免了风险。
preparedStament避免sql注入的本质就是,将传递进来的参数都当作字符,转义字符不在影响

ACID

原子性:要么都完成,反之亦然
一致性:总数不变
持久性:一旦提交不可逆
隔离性:进程互不干扰

  1. 脏读:一个事务读取了别人的事务
  2. 不可重复读:
  3. 虚读:
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