1.SVG拉伸体使用步骤
通过SVG拉伸创建几何体实际上使用的还是ExtrudeGeometry几何体。只不创建SVG拉伸体使用的底图是一个SVG图形,而普通的拉伸体的底图是一个二维图形;接下来介绍一下创建SVG拉伸几何体的步骤
1.1svg的初始化
在示例中我们的svg是在vue文件中的html部分中使用标签初始化的,具体如下:
<div id="batman" style="display:none">
<svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="1152px" height="1152px" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
<path id="batman-path" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0);"
d="M 261.135 114.535 C 254.906 116.662 247.491 118.825 244.659 119.344 C 229.433 122.131 177.907 142.565 151.973 156.101 C 111.417 177.269 78.9808 203.399 49.2992 238.815 C 41.0479 248.66 26.5057 277.248 21.0148 294.418 C 14.873 313.624 15.3588 357.341 21.9304 376.806 C 29.244 398.469 39.6107 416.935 52.0865 430.524 C 58.2431 437.23 63.3085 443.321 63.3431 444.06 C 63.4748 446.883 102.278 479.707 120.51 492.418 C 131.003 499.734 148.168 509.93 158.654 515.075 C 169.139 520.22 179.431 525.34 181.524 526.454 C 187.725 529.754 187.304 527.547 179.472 515.713 C 164.806 493.553 158.448 464.659 164.322 446.861 C 169.457 431.303 192.013 421.501 214.324 425.132 C 234.042 428.341 252.142 439.186 270.958 459.064 C 286.677 475.67 292.133 482.967 295.31 491.634 C 297.466 497.514 298.948 495.91 304.862 481.293 C 313.673 459.519 329.808 445.735 346.35 445.851 C 367.654 446 399.679 478.239 412.801 512.745 C 414.093 516.144 416.593 522.632 418.355 527.163 C 420.118 531.695 423.604 542.319 426.103 550.773 C 430.848 566.832 432.355 566.851 434.872 550.88 C 436.395 541.215 451.403 502.522 455.655 497.298 C 457.038 495.599 460.63 489.896 463.636 484.625 C 471.696 470.498 492.318 452.688 505.387 448.568 C 514.602 445.663 517.533 445.549 525.51 447.782 C 539.676 451.749 553.43 467.773 560.706 488.788 L 563.242 496.114 L 567.096 490.012 C 577.709 473.208 593.665 453.899 602.47 447.206 C 607.884 443.09 613.378 438.825 614.679 437.729 C 615.98 436.632 622.927 433.259 630.118 430.233 C 655.159 419.693 681.195 423.407 693.273 439.241 C 697.957 445.382 698.932 448.971 699.538 462.294 C 700.174 476.284 699.51 479.864 693.686 493.854 C 690.073 502.533 684.912 512.883 682.217 516.854 C 679.523 520.825 678.172 524.074 679.215 524.074 C 681.932 524.074 718.787 504.481 732.525 495.734 C 760.018 478.228 788.909 452.599 803.9 432.418 C 807.266 427.886 810.569 423.715 811.239 423.149 C 814.498 420.395 828.253 393.099 833.17 379.627 C 838.223 365.782 838.713 361.822 838.741 334.582 C 838.776 300.425 836.431 291.124 820.154 260.873 C 810.649 243.207 807.498 239.005 788.417 218.543 C 751.511 178.968 688.147 142.549 621.582 122.654 C 581.7 110.734 580.388 110.465 580.388 114.195 C 580.388 115.328 581.302 116.255 582.418 116.255 C 584.279 116.255 587.705 122.106 603.399 152.085 C 613.977 172.29 618.077 189.427 618.264 214.21 C 618.42 234.928 617.88 238.368 612.285 252.269 C 604.327 272.04 590.066 286.889 572.829 293.352 C 558.526 298.714 549.193 297.86 535.704 289.955 C 526.777 284.723 512.304 267.644 509.816 259.404 C 509.132 257.138 507.129 251.358 505.366 246.558 C 503.602 241.759 501.646 231.564 501.018 223.902 C 500.39 216.24 498.491 198.402 496.797 184.261 C 495.104 170.121 493.307 152.047 492.803 144.097 C 492.299 136.147 491.292 125.625 490.565 120.715 L 489.242 111.787 L 483.323 118.267 C 480.067 121.832 477.404 125.618 477.404 126.681 C 477.404 127.744 476.603 128.613 475.624 128.613 C 474.645 128.613 471.275 132.321 468.135 136.852 L 462.426 145.091 L 431.038 145.091 L 399.65 145.091 L 386.811 128.494 C 379.749 119.365 373.509 112.36 372.943 112.926 C 372.377 113.491 371.57 118.875 371.15 124.888 C 370.73 130.902 368.94 147.744 367.172 162.315 C 365.405 176.887 363.523 195.424 362.99 203.509 C 360.283 244.622 352.784 266.044 335.323 282.544 C 326.456 290.923 312.488 297.497 303.508 297.518 C 294.864 297.539 278.732 290.063 269.473 281.748 C 246.952 261.521 238.846 229.614 245.481 187.314 C 247.894 171.928 266.562 131.612 275.927 121.56 C 277.987 119.348 279.673 116.786 279.673 115.867 C 279.673 114.947 279.905 113.593 280.188 112.856 C 281.28 110.017 271.977 110.837 261.136 114.536 L 261.135 114.535 " />
</g>
</svg>
</div>
1.2svg内容获取与转换成Shape类型
通过操作DOM元素获取的标签内容,继而获取到svg的内容,比较棘手一点的是如何把获取到的svg内容转换为Shape,此示例中,为了在vue中正常使用d3-threeD.js库,把此文件稍作调整,并放在示例文件相同目录下,在工作文件引入,然后调用transformSVGPathExposed方法转换svg,具体过程如下:
- 调整d3-threeD.js文件。在该文件的开头引入three,结尾输出transformSVGPathExposed方法
import * as THREE from 'three'
...
...
export {
transformSVGPathExposed
}
也可以直接在这里下载d3-threeD.js
- 引入transformSVGPathExposed方法
import { transformSVGPathExposed } from './d3-threeD.js'
- 获取svg并转换
// 获取svg内容 转换为THREE.Shape对象
svgChangeToShape() {
const svgString = document.querySelector('#batman-path').getAttribute('d')
const shape = transformSVGPathExposed(svgString)
return shape
}
1.3创建几何体,网格对象,添加到场景
// 拉伸几何体配置项
const options = {
depth: this.properties.depth.value,
bevelThickness: this.properties.bevelThickness.value,
bevelSize: this.properties.bevelSize.value,
bevelSegments: this.properties.bevelSegments.value,
bevelEnabled: this.properties.bevelEnabled,
curveSegments: this.properties.curveSegments.value,
steps: this.properties.steps.value
}
// 创建拉伸几何体
const geom = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(this.svgChangeToShape(), options)
geom.applyMatrix4(new THREE.Matrix4().makeTranslation(-370, -74, 0))
// 创建材质
const meshMaterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
color: 0x003333
})
// 创建网格对象
this.mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geom, meshMaterial)
this.mesh.scale.x = 0.05
this.mesh.scale.y = 0.05
this.mesh.rotation.z = Math.PI
this.mesh.rotation.x = -1.1
// 网格对象添加到场景中
this.scene.add(this.mesh)
2.demo说明
如上图,该示例支持以下功能
- 通过depth属性调整SVG拉伸几何体拉伸的高度
- 通过bevelThickness属性指定SVG拉伸几何体斜角的厚度
- 通过bevelSize属性指定SVG拉伸几何体斜角的高度
- 通过bevelSegments属性指定SVG拉伸几何体斜角的分段数
- 通过bevelEnabled属性设置SVG拉伸几何体是否开启斜角
- 通过curveSegments属性指定SVG拉伸几何体拉伸曲线的分段数
- 通过steps属性指定SVG拉伸几何体的分段数
3.demo代码
<template>
<div>
<div id="container"></div>
<div id="batman" style="display:none">
<svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="1152px" height="1152px" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
<path id="batman-path" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0);"
d="M 261.135 114.535 C 254.906 116.662 247.491 118.825 244.659 119.344 C 229.433 122.131 177.907 142.565 151.973 156.101 C 111.417 177.269 78.9808 203.399 49.2992 238.815 C 41.0479 248.66 26.5057 277.248 21.0148 294.418 C 14.873 313.624 15.3588 357.341 21.9304 376.806 C 29.244 398.469 39.6107 416.935 52.0865 430.524 C 58.2431 437.23 63.3085 443.321 63.3431 444.06 C 63.4748 446.883 102.278 479.707 120.51 492.418 C 131.003 499.734 148.168 509.93 158.654 515.075 C 169.139 520.22 179.431 525.34 181.524 526.454 C 187.725 529.754 187.304 527.547 179.472 515.713 C 164.806 493.553 158.448 464.659 164.322 446.861 C 169.457 431.303 192.013 421.501 214.324 425.132 C 234.042 428.341 252.142 439.186 270.958 459.064 C 286.677 475.67 292.133 482.967 295.31 491.634 C 297.466 497.514 298.948 495.91 304.862 481.293 C 313.673 459.519 329.808 445.735 346.35 445.851 C 367.654 446 399.679 478.239 412.801 512.745 C 414.093 516.144 416.593 522.632 418.355 527.163 C 420.118 531.695 423.604 542.319 426.103 550.773 C 430.848 566.832 432.355 566.851 434.872 550.88 C 436.395 541.215 451.403 502.522 455.655 497.298 C 457.038 495.599 460.63 489.896 463.636 484.625 C 471.696 470.498 492.318 452.688 505.387 448.568 C 514.602 445.663 517.533 445.549 525.51 447.782 C 539.676 451.749 553.43 467.773 560.706 488.788 L 563.242 496.114 L 567.096 490.012 C 577.709 473.208 593.665 453.899 602.47 447.206 C 607.884 443.09 613.378 438.825 614.679 437.729 C 615.98 436.632 622.927 433.259 630.118 430.233 C 655.159 419.693 681.195 423.407 693.273 439.241 C 697.957 445.382 698.932 448.971 699.538 462.294 C 700.174 476.284 699.51 479.864 693.686 493.854 C 690.073 502.533 684.912 512.883 682.217 516.854 C 679.523 520.825 678.172 524.074 679.215 524.074 C 681.932 524.074 718.787 504.481 732.525 495.734 C 760.018 478.228 788.909 452.599 803.9 432.418 C 807.266 427.886 810.569 423.715 811.239 423.149 C 814.498 420.395 828.253 393.099 833.17 379.627 C 838.223 365.782 838.713 361.822 838.741 334.582 C 838.776 300.425 836.431 291.124 820.154 260.873 C 810.649 243.207 807.498 239.005 788.417 218.543 C 751.511 178.968 688.147 142.549 621.582 122.654 C 581.7 110.734 580.388 110.465 580.388 114.195 C 580.388 115.328 581.302 116.255 582.418 116.255 C 584.279 116.255 587.705 122.106 603.399 152.085 C 613.977 172.29 618.077 189.427 618.264 214.21 C 618.42 234.928 617.88 238.368 612.285 252.269 C 604.327 272.04 590.066 286.889 572.829 293.352 C 558.526 298.714 549.193 297.86 535.704 289.955 C 526.777 284.723 512.304 267.644 509.816 259.404 C 509.132 257.138 507.129 251.358 505.366 246.558 C 503.602 241.759 501.646 231.564 501.018 223.902 C 500.39 216.24 498.491 198.402 496.797 184.261 C 495.104 170.121 493.307 152.047 492.803 144.097 C 492.299 136.147 491.292 125.625 490.565 120.715 L 489.242 111.787 L 483.323 118.267 C 480.067 121.832 477.404 125.618 477.404 126.681 C 477.404 127.744 476.603 128.613 475.624 128.613 C 474.645 128.613 471.275 132.321 468.135 136.852 L 462.426 145.091 L 431.038 145.091 L 399.65 145.091 L 386.811 128.494 C 379.749 119.365 373.509 112.36 372.943 112.926 C 372.377 113.491 371.57 118.875 371.15 124.888 C 370.73 130.902 368.94 147.744 367.172 162.315 C 365.405 176.887 363.523 195.424 362.99 203.509 C 360.283 244.622 352.784 266.044 335.323 282.544 C 326.456 290.923 312.488 297.497 303.508 297.518 C 294.864 297.539 278.732 290.063 269.473 281.748 C 246.952 261.521 238.846 229.614 245.481 187.314 C 247.894 171.928 266.562 131.612 275.927 121.56 C 277.987 119.348 279.673 116.786 279.673 115.867 C 279.673 114.947 279.905 113.593 280.188 112.856 C 281.28 110.017 271.977 110.837 261.136 114.536 L 261.135 114.535 " />
</g>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="controls-box">
<section>
<el-row>
<div v-for="(item,key) in properties" :key="key">
<div v-if="item&&item.name!=undefined">
<el-col :span="8">
<span class="vertice-span">{{item.name}}</span>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="13">
<el-slider v-model="item.value" :min="item.min" :max="item.max" :step="item.step" :format-tooltip="formatTooltip" @change="redraw"></el-slider>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="3">
<span class="vertice-span">{{item.value}}</span>
</el-col>
</div>
</div>
</el-row>
<el-row>
<el-checkbox v-model="properties.bevelEnabled" @change="redraw">bevelEnabled</el-checkbox>
</el-row>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import * as THREE from 'three'
import { transformSVGPathExposed } from './d3-threeD.js'
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js'
import { SceneUtils } from 'three/examples/jsm/utils/SceneUtils.js'
export default {
data() {
return {
properties: {
depth: {
name: 'depth',
value: 2,
min: 0,
max: 40,
step: 1
},
bevelThickness: {
name: 'bevelThickness',
value: 2,
min: 0,
max: 10,
step: 0.1
},
bevelSize: {
name: 'bevelSize',
value: 0.8,
min: 0,
max: 10,
step: 0.1
},
bevelSegments: {
name: 'bevelSegments',
value: 3,
min: 0,
max: 40,
step: 1
},
curveSegments: {
name: 'curveSegments',
value: 12,
min: 0,
max: 40,
step: 1
},
steps: {
name: 'steps',
value: 1,
min: 0,
max: 5,
step: 1
},
bevelEnabled: true
},
step: 0.01,
mesh: null,
camera: null,
scene: null,
renderer: null,
controls: null
}
},
mounted() {
this.init()
},
methods: {
formatTooltip(val) {
return val
},
// 初始化
init() {
this.createScene() // 创建场景
this.createMesh() // 创建网格模型
this.createLight() // 创建光源
this.createCamera() // 创建相机
this.createRender() // 创建渲染器
this.createControls() // 创建控件对象
this.render() // 渲染
},
// 创建场景
createScene() {
this.scene = new THREE.Scene()
},
// 获取svg内容 转换为THREE.Shape对象
svgChangeToShape() {
const svgString = document.querySelector('#batman-path').getAttribute('d')
const shape = transformSVGPathExposed(svgString)
return shape
},
// 创建网格模型
createMesh() {
// 拉伸几何体配置项
const options = {
depth: this.properties.depth.value,
bevelThickness: this.properties.bevelThickness.value,
bevelSize: this.properties.bevelSize.value,
bevelSegments: this.properties.bevelSegments.value,
bevelEnabled: this.properties.bevelEnabled,
curveSegments: this.properties.curveSegments.value,
steps: this.properties.steps.value
}
// 创建拉伸几何体
const geom = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(this.svgChangeToShape(), options)
geom.applyMatrix4(new THREE.Matrix4().makeTranslation(-370, -74, 0))
// 创建材质
const meshMaterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
color: 0x003333
})
// 创建网格对象
this.mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geom, meshMaterial)
this.mesh.scale.x = 0.05
this.mesh.scale.y = 0.05
this.mesh.rotation.z = Math.PI
this.mesh.rotation.x = -1.1
// 网格对象添加到场景中
this.scene.add(this.mesh)
},
// 创建光源
createLight() {
// 环境光
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.1) // 创建环境光
this.scene.add(ambientLight) // 将环境光添加到场景
const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff) // 创建聚光灯
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10)
spotLight.castShadow = true
this.scene.add(spotLight)
},
// 创建相机
createCamera() {
const element = document.getElementById('container')
const width = element.clientWidth // 窗口宽度
const height = element.clientHeight // 窗口高度
const k = width / height // 窗口宽高比
// PerspectiveCamera( fov, aspect, near, far )
this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(35, k, 0.1, 1000)
this.camera.position.set(-80, 60, 40) // 设置相机位置
this.camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(10, 0, 0)) // 设置相机方向
this.scene.add(this.camera)
},
// 创建渲染器
createRender() {
const element = document.getElementById('container')
this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true })
this.renderer.setSize(element.clientWidth, element.clientHeight) // 设置渲染区域尺寸
this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true // 显示阴影
this.renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap
this.renderer.setClearColor(0x3f3f3f, 1) // 设置背景颜色
element.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement)
},
// 重新绘制
redraw() {
this.scene.remove(this.mesh)
this.createMesh()
},
render() {
this.mesh.rotation.y = this.step += 0.01
this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera)
requestAnimationFrame(this.render)
},
// 创建控件对象
createControls() {
this.controls = new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement)
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
#container {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.controls-box {
position: absolute;
right: 5px;
top: 5px;
width: 300px;
padding: 10px;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #c3c3c3;
}
.vertice-span {
line-height: 38px;
padding: 0 2px 0 10px;
}
</style>