解决mac osx下pip安装ipython权限的问题

这两天又把家里的mac的系统给重装了，重装的原因是我乐意…    其实理由很简单，本人想写个mac osx系统的使用文档，当然是初级的那种…  这尼玛还没意气风发就狼狈不堪了…

该文章写的有些乱，欢迎来喷 ! 另外文章后续不断更新中，请到原文地址查看更新。

http://xiaorui.cc/?p=3061

各种的新mac其我也用过不少，自己或帮助别人配置了不少环境…   今天就遇到一个十分纠结的问题.

就是想装个python的交互组件ipython、gevent而已….

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#xiaorui.cc sudo pip install -- upgrade ipython -- ignore - installed six   Exception : Traceback ( most recent call last ) :    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py" , line 209 , in main      status = self . run ( options , args )    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py" , line 317 , in run      prefix = options . prefix_path ,    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py" , line 732 , in install      * * kwargs    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py" , line 835 , in install      self . move_wheel_files ( self . source_dir , root = root , prefix = prefix )    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py" , line 1030 , in move_wheel_files      isolated = self . isolated ,    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py" , line 376 , in move_wheel_files      clobber ( source , dest , False , fixer = fixer , filter = filter )    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py" , line 315 , in clobber      ensure_dir ( destdir )    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py" , line 83 , in ensure_dir      os . makedirs ( path )    File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py" , line 150 , in makedirs      makedirs ( head , mode )    File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py" , line 150 , in makedirs      makedirs ( head , mode )    File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py" , line 157 , in makedirs      mkdir ( name , mode ) OSError : [ Errno 1 ] Operation not permitted : '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/share'

下面是pip install gevent的错误提示， 又是 Operation not permitted …

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#xiaorui.cc pip install gevent . . .      raise Error , errors Error : [ ( '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.py' , '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.py' , "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.py'" ) , ( '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.pyc' , '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.pyc' , "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/__init__.pyc'" ) , ( '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.py' , '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.py' , "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.py'" ) , ( '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.pyc' , '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.pyc' , "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib/markers.pyc'" ) , ( '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib' , '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib' , "[Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-jlyjj9-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib'" ) ]

其实权限问题… OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted ,   各种的root都不可以，想到了一个粗暴的方式，直接针对share进行chmod的授权。  结果… 提示root也是没有权限操作系统的目录。   我突然发觉肯定是新版的osx有了某种机制制止我们直接的修改/System文档数据。 

google了后，发现果然如我的所料….  新系统有个叫sip的机制。 你暂时不能直接在终端进行 csrutil disable 会出现错误提示，引导你去mac osx的恢复模式进行操作。 

由于El Capitan引入了SIP机制(System Integrity Protection)，默认下系统启用SIP系统完整性保护机制，无论是对于硬盘还是运行时的进程限制对系统目录的写操作。 这也是我们安装ipython失败的原因….

现在的解决办法是取消SIP机制，具体做法是：

重启电脑，按住Command+R(直到出现苹果标志)进入Recovery Mode(恢复模式)
左上角菜单里找到实用工具 -> 终端
输入csrutil disable回车
重启Mac即可
如果想重新启动SIP机制重复上述步骤改用csrutil enable即可

我们现在再看看sip的状态, 这样再安装ipython、gevent再也不会提示无法写入的权限提示了/

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$ csrutil status System Integrity Protection status : disabled .

如果在mac下碰到OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted:的问题，就算用sudo 也无法解决，那肯定是sip在作怪了.

胡阳大哥给出一个优雅的方案，大家可以使用下. 基于用户的权限来安装模块包显得更加合理。 

pip install ipython --user -U