How to install mongodb 7.0 to Ubuntu 22.04

qwfys200

已于 2023-10-21 11:28:44 修改

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分类专栏： NoSQL 文章标签： mongodb ubuntu how install

于 2023-10-20 18:43:43 首次发布

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1、安装

1.1、添加gpg

curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-7.0.asc |  sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg --dearmor

1.2、添加apt源

echo "deb [ arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-7.0.list

1.3、更新

apt update

1.4、安装

apt install -y mongodb-org

2、管理

2.1、服务管理

2.1.1、查看服务状态

安装完成以后，服务是否启动，我们是不知道的，这个时候怎么查看呢，一般来说，mongodb安装完成以后，都会安装成系统服务。通常来说，对于系统服务，我们可以借助以下命令来查看服务是否启动。

systemctl status mongod.service

这里，我们来检测一下：

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service 
○ mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual

Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 4.804s CPU time.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys mongod[6093]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-20T16:16:33.931Z"},"s":"I",  "c":"CONTROL",  "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
Oct 21 10:39:19 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 37.350s CPU time.
lwk@qwfys:~$

这里，我们看到服务没有启动。

2.1.2、启动服务

我们启动一下。

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl start mongod.service 
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service 
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2023-10-21 10:44:56 CST; 8s ago
       Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
   Main PID: 8924 (mongod)
     Memory: 169.4M
        CPU: 762ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
             └─8924 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Oct 21 10:44:56 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:44:57 qwfys mongod[8924]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:44:57.041Z"},"s":"I",  "c":"CONTROL",  "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
lwk@qwfys:~$

这里，我们看到，服务已经启动起来了。

2.1.3、设置服务为开机启动

通常情况下，对于服务器程序，我可以将其调协为开机启动。

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl enable mongod.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service → /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.
lwk@qwfys:~$

2.1.4、取消服务开机启动

有的时候，我们又不需要让服务开机启动，这个要求是合理的，具体如下：

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl disable mongod.service 
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service.
lwk@qwfys:~$

2.1.5、关闭服务

如果希望关闭服务，可以执行以下命令：

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl stop mongod.service 
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service 
○ mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual

Oct 21 10:39:19 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 37.350s CPU time.
Oct 21 10:44:56 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:44:57 qwfys mongod[8924]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:44:57.041Z"},"s":"I",  "c":"CONTROL",  "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 4.566s CPU time.
lwk@qwfys:~$

2.1.6、服务重启

如果需要重启服务，可以用以下命令：

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service 
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2023-10-21 10:56:42 CST; 8s ago
       Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
   Main PID: 9271 (mongod)
     Memory: 169.5M
        CPU: 787ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
             └─9271 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Oct 21 10:56:42 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:56:42 qwfys mongod[9271]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:56:42.485Z"},"s":"I",  "c":"CONTROL",  "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl restart mongod.service 
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service 
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2023-10-21 10:57:21 CST; 2s ago
       Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
   Main PID: 9326 (mongod)
     Memory: 169.3M
        CPU: 717ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
             └─9326 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Oct 21 10:57:21 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:57:21 qwfys mongod[9326]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:57:21.090Z"},"s":"I",  "c":"CONTROL",  "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
lwk@qwfys:~$

2.2、mongosh

这里，我们借助mongosh命令来完成mongodb的相关管理工作。

2.2.1、进入mongosh

lwk@qwfys:~$ mongosh
Current Mongosh Log ID:	653297d8d2647c0396c5de9d
Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.0.2
Using MongoDB:		7.0.2
Using Mongosh:		2.0.2

For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/


To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy).
You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command.

------
   The server generated these startup warnings when booting
   2023-10-20T22:09:01.515+08:00: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
   2023-10-20T22:09:02.223+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
   2023-10-20T22:09:02.224+08:00: vm.max_map_count is too low
------

test> show dbs
admin   40.00 KiB
config  60.00 KiB
local   72.00 KiB
test>

这里，我们可以看到，系统安装成功以后，会自带三个库，分别是test、admin、local。

2.2.2、创建数据库

在mongosh中，如果要我们借助命令use可以完成数据库的创建与切换。下面，我们创建一个名称为emei的库。

test> use emei
switched to db emei
emei>

2.2.3、数据库用户

2.2.3.1、查看数据库用户

可以借助如下命令查看当前数据库有哪些用户。

emei> db.getUsers();
{ users: [], ok: 1 }
emei>

这里，我们看到，没有一个用户。

2.2.3.2、创建数据库用户

接下来，我们创建两个用户，其中一个用户名为admin，密码为Gah6kuP7ohfio4，另一个用户，用户名为admix，密码为Gah6kuP7ohfio4，并为它赋于读写权限。

emei> db.createUser(
...   {
...     user: "admin",
...     pwd: "Gah6kuP7ohfio4",
...     roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "emei" } ]
...   }
... )
{ ok: 1 }
emei> db.createUser(
...   {
...     user: "admix",
...     pwd: "Gah6kuP7ohfio4",
...     roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "emei" } ]
...   }
... )
{ ok: 1 }
emei> db.getUsers();
{
  users: [
    {
      _id: 'emei.admin',
      userId: new UUID("fedb3cb0-7850-4904-ba7a-5e182cd1e9c9"),
      user: 'admin',
      db: 'emei',
      roles: [ { role: 'readWrite', db: 'emei' } ],
      mechanisms: [ 'SCRAM-SHA-1', 'SCRAM-SHA-256' ]
    },
    {
      _id: 'emei.admix',
      userId: new UUID("910386e6-81e2-4c5b-8eb0-6b273e5319a8"),
      user: 'admix',
      db: 'emei',
      roles: [ { role: 'readWrite', db: 'emei' } ],
      mechanisms: [ 'SCRAM-SHA-1', 'SCRAM-SHA-256' ]
    }
  ],
  ok: 1
}
emei>

我们看到，用户已经创建成功。

2.2.3.3、删除数据库用户

这里，我们删除用户名为admix的用户。

emei> db.dropUser("admix", {w: "majority", wtimeout: 4000});
{ ok: 1 }
emei> db.getUsers();
{
  users: [
    {
      _id: 'emei.admin',
      userId: new UUID("fedb3cb0-7850-4904-ba7a-5e182cd1e9c9"),
      user: 'admin',
      db: 'emei',
      roles: [ { role: 'readWrite', db: 'emei' } ],
      mechanisms: [ 'SCRAM-SHA-1', 'SCRAM-SHA-256' ]
    }
  ],
  ok: 1
}
emei>

2.2.3.4、创建数据库管理员用户

emei> use admin
switched to db admin
admin> db.createUser(
...   {
...     user: "admin",
...     pwd: passwordPrompt(),
...     roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" }, "readWriteAnyDatabase" ]
...  }
... )
Enter password
Gah6kuP7ohfio4
**************{ ok: 1 }
admin> exit
lwk@qwfys:~$

我们可以看到，管理员用户已经创建完成。

2.2.4、用管理账号管理mongodb

2.2.4.1、添加配置项

为了使用账号登录到mongodb数据库，这个时候，我们需要在mongodb数据库配置文件中添加启用权限配置项：

sudo tee -a /etc/mongod.conf <<-'EOF'

security:
    authorization: enabled

EOF

添加完成以后，要使配置生效，我们还需要重启mongodb服务。

2.2.4.2、基于账号连接

当然我们需要基于账号连接到mongodb数据库服务端的时候，需要采用如下的方式：

lwk@qwfys:~$ mongosh --username=admin --password=Gah6kuP7ohfio4
Current Mongosh Log ID:	6532a6ae0cdd8066876fefa0
Connecting to:		mongodb://<credentials>@127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.0.2
Using MongoDB:		7.0.2
Using Mongosh:		2.0.2

For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/

test> show dbs;
admin   180.00 KiB
config   72.00 KiB
local    72.00 KiB
test>