What is design pattern

• What is

In software engineering, a design pattern is a general repeatable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. A design pattern isn’t a finished design that can be transformed directly into code. It is a description or template for how to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations.

Object-oriented design patterns typically show relationships and interactions between classes or objects, without specifying the final application classes or objects that are involved. Patterns that imply mutable state may be unsuited for functional programming languages. Some patterns can be rendered unnecessary in languages that have built-in support for solving the problem they are trying to solve, and object-oriented patterns are not necessarily suitable for non-object-oriented languages.

Design patterns may be viewed as a structured approach to computer programming intermediate between the levels of a programming paradigm and a concrete algorithm.

• Creational design patterns

Name	Category	Description	Remark
Abstract Factory	Creational	Creates an instance of several families of classes	-
Builder	Creational	Separates object construction from its representation	-
Factory Method	Creational	Creates an instance of several derived classes	-
Object Pool	Creational	Avoid expensive acquisition and release of resources by recycling objects that are no longer in use	-
Prototype	Creational	A fully initialized instance to be copied or cloned	-
Singleton	Creational	A class of which only a single instance can exist	-

• Structural design patterns

Name	Category	Description	Remark
Adapter	Structural	Match interfaces of different classes	-
Bridge	Structural	Separates object construction from its representation	-
Composite	Structural	A tree structure of simple and composite objects	-
Decorator	Structural	Add responsibilities to objects dynamically	-
Facade	Structural	A single class that represents an entire subsystem	-
Flyweight	Structural	A fine-grained instance used for efficient sharing	-
Private Class Data	Structural	Restricts accessor/mutator access	-
Proxy	Structural	An object representing another object	-

• Behavioral design patterns

Name	Category	Description	Remark
Chain of responsibility	Behavioral	A way of passing a request between a chain of objects	-
Command	Behavioral	Encapsulate a command request as an object	-
Interpreter	Behavioral	A way to include language elements in a program	-
Iterator	Behavioral	Sequentially access the elements of a collection	-
Mediator	Behavioral	Defines simplified communication between classes	-
Memento	Behavioral	Capture and restore an object’s internal state	-
Null Object	Behavioral	Designed to act as a default value of an object	-
Observer	Behavioral	A way of notifying change to a number of classes	-
State	Behavioral	Alter an object’s behavior when its state changes	-
Strategy	Behavioral	Encapsulates an algorithm inside a class	-
Template method	Behavioral	Defer the exact steps of an algorithm to a subclass	-
Visitor	Behavioral	Defines a new operation to a class without change	-

Reference

• Software design pattern
• Design Patterns