How to install mysql 5.7 to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Install deb package with apt

由于Ubuntu 18.04 LTS已经内置了mysql 5.7 deb包软件源，所以可以安装，具体如下：

sudo apt install -y mysql-server mysql-client mysql-workbench

Run secure installation command to initialize

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n

 ... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

All done! 
lwk@qwfys:~$

Login with the password set above

lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

View current system users and their permissions

mysql> SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| user             | authentication_string                     | plugin                | host      |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| root             | *8E816125987DDB80C04529D7453B25FD614DF4F1 | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| mysql.session    | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | *D45B5A803602EC3632EC1026D9A8B8317B71FB1A | mysql_native_password | localhost |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

Create new users and assign permissions to them

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'lwk'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'qweQWE123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| user             | authentication_string                     | plugin                | host      |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| root             |                                           | auth_socket           | localhost |
| mysql.session    | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | *30C28CEEC0EDC6E448309F8D99C97D1D9743587B | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| lwk              | *44079EBCDA80FD1A640DEA2111868EDD3FDBC964 | mysql_native_password | %         |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

Log in with the newly created new user

lwk@qwfys:~$ mysql -u lwk -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

Others

这个时候，所有的账号只能从本地访问，要想从外部主机访问，还需要将文件/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf中的"bind-address = 127.0.0.1"一行注释掉。

注释掉以后，重启服务：

sudo systemctl restart mysql.service