一、Spring MVC核心组件
- 1.DispatcherServlet:前置控制器
- 2.HandlerMapping:将请求映射到Handler
- 3.Handler:后端控制器,完成具体的业务逻辑
- 4.HandlerInterceptor:处理器拦截器
- 5.HandlerExecutionChain:处理器执行器
- 6.HandlerAdapter:处理器适配器
- 7.ModelAndView:装载模型数据和视图信息
- 8.ViewResolver:视图解析器
二、SpringMVC实现流程
- 1.客户端请求被DispatcherServlet接受
- 2.DispatcherServlet将请求映射到Handler.
- 3.生成Handler以及HandlerInterceptor
- 4.返回HandlerExecutionChain(Handler+HandlerInterceptor)
- 5.DispatcherServlet通过HandlerAdapter执行Handler。
- 6.返回一个 ModelAndView
- 7.DispatcherServlet通过ViewResolver进行解析
- 8.返回填充了模型数据的View,响应给客户端
三、SpringMVC快速开发
基于XML配置
在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--配置spring.xml的路径-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
MyHandler.java
package com.imooc.handler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class MyHandler implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//装载模型数据和逻辑视图
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//添加模型数据
modelAndView.addObject("name","Tom");
//添加逻辑视图
modelAndView.setViewName("show");
return modelAndView;
}
}
show.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${name}
</body>
</html>
创建SpringMVC的配置文件springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><!-- <!–配置Handler,将url请求映射到Handler–>-->
<bean id="handlerMappinf"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<!--配置test请求对应的handler-->
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<!--配置test请求对应的handler-->
<prop key="/test">testHandler</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置Handler-->
<bean id="testHandler" class="com.imooc.handler.MyHandler">
</bean>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--配置前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<!--配置缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
基于注解开发
在springmvc中删除上面两个bean,加入
<!--将AnnotationHandler自动扫描到IOC容器中-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.handler"></context:component-scan>
AnnotationHandler.java
package com.imooc.handler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
public class AnnotationHandler {
/**
* 业务方法:ModelAndView完成数据的传递,视图的解析
*/
@RequestMapping("/modelAndViewTest")
public ModelAndView modelAndViewTest(){
//创建ModelAndView对象
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//填充模型数据
modelAndView.addObject("name","Tom");
//设置逻辑视图
modelAndView.setViewName("show");
return modelAndView;
}
/**
* 业务方法:Model传值,String进行视图解析
*/
@RequestMapping("/ModelTest")
public String ModelTest(Model model){
//填充模型数据
model.addAttribute("name","Jerry");
//设置逻辑视图
return "show";
}
/**
* 业务方法:Map传值,String进行视图解析
*/
@RequestMapping("MapTest")
public String MapTest(Map<String,String> map){
//填充模型数据
map.put("name","Cat");
//设置逻辑视图
return "show";
}
}
案例
add.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>add</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
body{
overflow-x:hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="add" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-1 control-label">名称</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" placeholder="请输入商品名称">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-1 control-label">价格</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="price" placeholder="请输入商品价格">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<!--意思是指无论客户端请求是否包含了编码,都用过滤器里的编码来解析请求-->
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--配置spring.xml的路径-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--设置访问静态资源-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
show.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${requestScope.goods.name}<br/>
商品价格:${requestScope.goods.price}
</body>
</html>