观察者模式
观察者模式分为两个角色:观察者和监听者;观察者的作用是观察事件,并且将发生的事件通知给对本事件感兴趣的监听者。监听者的作用是处理发生的事件。其中关键的一步是将监听者和感兴趣的事件保存起来,反过来,一个事件也会由多个监听者处理;对于特定的事件而言,这是一个一对多的关系。
基本思路
Listener:监听者,执行相应的事件。
observable:观察者分为两个模块(1)先利用map表注册事件与监听者一对多的关系,可以有多个监听者处理这个事件,因为map表是单重映射(只能表示一对一的关系),所以将某一特定的监听者维护到一个集合中,这里使用到vector容器。(2)通知监听者。
完整代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
class Listener//监听者
{
public:
Listener(std::string name):mname(name){}
virtual void handlemessage(int message) const = 0;
virtual ~Listener(){}
protected:
std::string mname;
};
class Listener1:public Listener
{
public:
Listener1(std::string name) :Listener(name){}
virtual void handlemessage(int message)const
{
switch (message)
{
case 1:
std::cout << mname << " has been handle " << message << std::endl;
break;
case 3:
std::cout << mname << " has been handle " << message << std::endl;
break;
default:
std::cout << mname << "no intersts this " << message << std::endl;
break;
}
}
};
class Listener2 :public Listener
{
public:
Listener2(std::string name) :Listener(name){}
virtual void handlemessage(int message)const
{
switch (message)
{
case 2:
std::cout << mname << " has been handle " << message << std::endl;
break;
case 3:
std::cout << mname << " has been handle " << message << std::endl;
break;
default:
std::cout << mname << "no intersts this " << message << std::endl;
break;
}
}
};
class Listener3 :public Listener
{
public:
Listener3(std::string name) :Listener(name){}
virtual void handlemessage(int message)const
{
switch (message)
{
case 1:
std::cout << mname << " has been handle " << message << std::endl;
break;
case 2:
std::cout << mname << " has been handle " << message << std::endl;
break;
default:
std::cout << mname << "no intersts this " << message << std::endl;
break;
}
}
};
class observable//观察者
{
public:
void registermessage(int message,const Listener* plist)//注册事件与监听者的关系
{
std::map<int,std::vector<const Listener*>>::iterator fit = mymap.find(message);
if(fit == mymap.end())
{
std::vector<const Listener*> vec;
vec.push_back(plist);
mymap.insert(std::pair<int,std::vector<const Listener*>>(message,vec));
}
else
{
fit->second.push_back(plist);
}
}
void notify(int message)//通知相应的监听者
{
std::map<int, std::vector<const Listener*>>::iterator fit = mymap.find(message);
if (fit == mymap.end())
{
throw std::exception("no register this message!");
}
else
{
std::vector<const Listener*>::iterator vit = fit->second.begin();
while (vit != fit->second.end())
{
(*vit)->handlemessage(message);
vit++;
}
}
}
private:
std::map<int,std::vector<const Listener*>> mymap;
};
int main()
{
Listener1 l1("listener1");
Listener2 l2("listener2");
Listener3 l3("listener3");
observable ob;
ob.registermessage(1, &l1);
ob.registermessage(3, &l1);
ob.registermessage(2, &l2);
ob.registermessage(3, &l2);
ob.registermessage(1, &l3);
ob.registermessage(2, &l3);
ob.notify(3);
return 0;
}
执行结果: