事件机制-Spring 源码系列(4)

事件机制-Spring 源码系列(4)

 

目录:

Ioc容器beanDefinition-Spring 源码(1)

Ioc容器依赖注入-Spring 源码(2)

Ioc容器BeanPostProcessor-Spring 源码(3)

事件机制-Spring 源码(4)

 

ApplicationEvent 事件抽象类
ApplicationListener 监听器接口
ApplicationContext 事件源
事件源触发事件后,将事件通知给监听器,监听器执行相应逻辑的过程
 
使用简单的实现:
事件:
public class EatEvent extends ApplicationEvent {

    private String status;

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    public EatEvent(Object source) {
        super(source);
    }
}

监听器:

public class MeListener implements ApplicationListener<EatEvent> {

    public void onApplicationEvent(EatEvent event) {
        System.out.println("收到通知,可以去吃饭了");
    }
}

触发事件:

public class TestDo implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public void doTest(){
        applicationContext.publishEvent(new EatEvent(this));
    }

    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }
}

以上代码是实际spring项目中经常会用到的,利用spring的事件机制,可以解耦各个具体监听器,在变化的需求中通过增减监听器来减少具体实现的改动。

spring核心是管理bean,而对于这种事件机制,天然有了比较好的实现基础,可以想象这些事件bean在初始化时已经被管理器加入到某个注册表里了,然后事件触发时,就要找容器触发。

网上找的完整的相关类图:

 

 

源码实现部分:

首先我们在创建一个Listener的时候,需要把这个bean交给容器管理,由EventMulticaster来管理,从applicationContext.publishEvent(new EatEvent("”))为入口来看源码。

public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
   publishEvent(event, null);
}
protected void publishEvent(Object event, ResolvableType eventType) {
   Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
   if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
      logger.trace("Publishing event in " + getDisplayName() + ": " + event);
   }

   // Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
   ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
   if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
      applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
   }
   else {
      applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<Object>(this, event);
      if (eventType == null) {
         eventType = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(PayloadApplicationEvent.class, event.getClass());
      }
   }

   // Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
   if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
      this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
   }
   else {
      // 获取ApplicationEventMulticaster
      getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
   }

   // Publish event via parent context as well...
   if (this.parent != null) {
      if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
         ((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
      }
      else {
         this.parent.publishEvent(event);
      }
   }
}

getApplicationEventMulticaster拿预备好的事件广播器,可以使用自己实现的事件广播器,初始化是在AbstractApplicationContext.refresh方法触发initApplicationEventMulticaster():

protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
   ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
   // 取applicationEventMulticaster名的bean,如果没有,就用框架的SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster,是个扩展点
   if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
      this.applicationEventMulticaster =
            beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
         logger.debug("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
      }
   }
   else {
      this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
      beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
         logger.debug("Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name '" +
               APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME +
               "': using default [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
      }
   }
}

SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster的multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);方法:

public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) {
   ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
   for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
      Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
      if (executor != null) {
         executor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
               invokeListener(listener, event);
            }
         });
      }
      else {
         invokeListener(listener, event);
      }
   }
}

getApplicationListeners方法来获取对应的监听者:

protected Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> getApplicationListeners(
      ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) {

   Object source = event.getSource();
   Class<?> sourceType = (source != null ? source.getClass() : null);
   ListenerCacheKey cacheKey = new ListenerCacheKey(eventType, sourceType);

   // Quick check for existing entry on ConcurrentHashMap...
   ListenerRetriever retriever = this.retrieverCache.get(cacheKey);
   if (retriever != null) {
      return retriever.getApplicationListeners();
   }

   if (this.beanClassLoader == null ||
         (ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(event.getClass(), this.beanClassLoader) &&
               (sourceType == null || ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(sourceType, this.beanClassLoader)))) {
      // Fully synchronized building and caching of a ListenerRetriever
      synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
         retriever = this.retrieverCache.get(cacheKey);
         if (retriever != null) {
            return retriever.getApplicationListeners();
         }
         retriever = new ListenerRetriever(true);
        // 获取监听者
         Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> listeners =
               retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, retriever);
        // 进缓存
         this.retrieverCache.put(cacheKey, retriever);
         return listeners;
      }
   }
   else {
      // No ListenerRetriever caching -> no synchronization necessary
      return retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, null);
   }
}

retrieveApplicationListeners需要从容器中过滤出对应的监听者的bean:

private Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> retrieveApplicationListeners(
      ResolvableType eventType, Class<?> sourceType, ListenerRetriever retriever) {

   LinkedList<ApplicationListener<?>> allListeners = new LinkedList<ApplicationListener<?>>();
   Set<ApplicationListener<?>> listeners;
   Set<String> listenerBeans;
   synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
      listeners = new LinkedHashSet<ApplicationListener<?>>(this.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners);
      listenerBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(this.defaultRetriever.applicationListenerBeans);
   }
    // 遍历全部监听者,过滤出匹配的
   for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : listeners) {
      if (supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) {
         if (retriever != null) {
            retriever.applicationListeners.add(listener);
         }
         allListeners.add(listener);
      }
   }
   if (!listenerBeans.isEmpty()) {
      BeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
      for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeans) {
         try {
            Class<?> listenerType = beanFactory.getType(listenerBeanName);
            if (listenerType == null || supportsEvent(listenerType, eventType)) {
                // 就是这行代码从容器中获取
               ApplicationListener<?> listener =
                     beanFactory.getBean(listenerBeanName, ApplicationListener.class);
               if (!allListeners.contains(listener) && supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) {
                  if (retriever != null) {
                     retriever.applicationListenerBeans.add(listenerBeanName);
                  }
                  allListeners.add(listener);
               }
            }
         }
         catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
            // Singleton listener instance (without backing bean definition) disappeared -
            // probably in the middle of the destruction phase
         }
      }
   }
   AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(allListeners);
   return allListeners;
}
事实上,容器预先将监听者的bean全部注册到了defaultRetriever.applicationListeners,每次出发publish时,来遍历过滤出后缓存起来。这个注册的操作也是在AbstractApplicationContext.refresh方法中的registerListeners();
最下面的AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort用来排序监听者的执行顺序。继承Ordered即可。
这里我们可以回顾一下这个refresh方法的具体代码。
以上已经基本看完了怎么讲监听器的获取,再来看一下执行方法的触发,回到SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster的multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
这里牵涉到同步执行或异步执行这些监听器的问题,默认spring是同步执行的,那么在实际场景中我们会因为监听者执行影响住流程,采用异步的方式,如果没有阅读过源码,采取的方式可能会使用在publish的时候进行异步化。
但是这里注意到,如果是publish的时候进行异步化它依然是一个线程在执行多个监听者,需要一个个去执行。那么这里就有个扩展的入口了那就是SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster支持自定义执行者来进行并发执行监听者事件。
Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
if (executor != null) {
   executor.execute(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
         invokeListener(listener, event);
      }
   });
}

实现的时候可以通过继承SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster的方式来完成,例子如下:

public class AsyncApplicationEventMulticaster extends SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster {  
    private TaskExecutor taskExecutor = new TaskExecutor() {  
        ExecutorService exeserv = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
        public void execute(Runnable task) {  
            exeserv.execute(task);  
        }  
    };  
  
    protected TaskExecutor getTaskExecutor() {  
        return this.taskExecutor;  
    }  
} 

invokeListener来执行onApplicationEvent方法:

protected void invokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
        ErrorHandler errorHandler = getErrorHandler();
        if (errorHandler != null) {
            try {
                listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
            }
            catch (Throwable err) {
                errorHandler.handleError(err);
            }
        }
        else {
            listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
        }
    }

到这里,就执行到了onApplicationEvent方法。

另外,回到最前面的例子中,注意EatEvent中那个source属性,代表来源的意思,再调用publish方法时将this传入,那么在筛选监听者的时候,就可以判断是哪个来源的bean发起的通知,再进行一次筛选是否执行的逻辑,如此就是监听者可以过滤事件源了。

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