GPT（GUID）分区表以及命令解析-gdisk分区命令解析以及swap分区

1.分区构成

LBA 0：存放MBR分区表（考虑兼容性）用有效标识符决定是否启用那种（0055H和0xEE）
LBA 1：存放GPT的引导信息，分区表结构、以及规划要求：每个分区的信息需要用128ybte存储
LBA 2-33：32个扇区可用，用来存放分区表（128个）限于Windows，Linux没有限制，有一个分区存储分区表信息
LBA 34：后面是第一个分区的开始

2.parted下的命令

mklabel：创建新的磁盘标签（分区表类型）
print：查看分区表信息
quit：退出程序
mkpark：创建一个分区

3.GPT分区实操

[root@lianxi ~]# parted /dev/sdb  #进入分区
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt             #分区格式
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? y                                                                 
(parted) mkpart                   #创建分区                                                          
Partition name?  []? abc          #分区名称                                         
File system type?  [ext2]?                                                
Start? 1m                         #起始点                                        
End? 5G                           #终点                                        
(parted) quit                     #退出                                        
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@lianxi ~]#mount /dev/sdb1 /abc  #挂载
[root@lianxi ~]# df -h                #查看挂载信息
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  1.7G   16G  10% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  133M  882M  14% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                4.7G   33M  4.7G   1% /abc
[root@lianxi ~]# vim /etc/fstab      #设置启动挂载

/dev/sdb1      /abc                             xfs     defaults        0 0

4.gdisk命令

[root@lianxi ~]# parted /dev/sdc    #进入分区
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt                 #分区格式                                     
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdc will be destroyed and all data on this
disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes                                                               
(parted) quit                         #退出                                    
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab
[root@lianxi ~]# gdisk /dev/sdc       #进入gdisk                                    
-bash: gdisk: command not found       #需要安装gdisk
[root@lianxi ~]# yum install -y gdisk  #安装gdisk

安装完成
[root@lianxi ~]# gdisk /dev/sdc     #再次进入
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): n         #添加分区
Partition number (1-128, default 1):      #默认名称sdc1
First sector (34-41943006, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:  #默认或者自动选择起点
Last sector (2048-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +2G        #选择终点 
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): w     #保存退出
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@lianxi ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1    #格式化
meta-data=/dev/sdc1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@lianxi ~]# mkdir /book     #创建挂载目录
[root@lianxi ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /book   #挂载
[root@lianxi ~]# df -h        #查看挂载信息
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  1.7G   16G  10% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  133M  882M  14% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                4.7G   33M  4.7G   1% /abc
/dev/sdc1                2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /book
[root@lianxi ~]# 

使用gdisk创建swap分区

swap（8200）可以将两个不同位置的分区合并成一个存储空间，普通分区类型（8300），不可以使用
free -h ：查看swap的标准信息，以实际单位列出
mkswap ：格式化
swapon：挂载

[root@lianxi ~]# gdisk /dev/sdd
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (34-41943006, default = 9764864) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (9764864-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +5G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8200
Changed type of partition to 'Linux swap'
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 1DC82D10-C35D-4E1B-843F-ABEFA71362F3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 21694397 sectors (10.3 GiB)
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         9764863   4.7 GiB     0700  abc
   2         9764864        20250623   5.0 GiB     8200  Linux swap
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdd.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@lianxi ~]# mkswap /dev/sdd1
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 5242876 KiB
no label, UUID=87ef08f0-dff6-4c7f-8250-eb9973d01567
[root@lianxi ~]# swapon /dev/sdd1
[root@lianxi ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           972M        127M        700M        7.6M        144M        681M
Swap:          7.0G          0B        7.0G
[root@lianxi ~]#