Spring之依赖注入

依赖注入（DI，dependency injection），由spring容器负责bean对象的创建、装配和管理，即bean对象的创建、装配和管理依赖于spring容器。

构造器注入

dao层

• com.jepcc.demo.dao.UserDao

package com.jepcc.demo.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    void getUser();
}

• com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl

package com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl;

import com.jepcc.demo.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("getting user now");
    }
}

service层

• com.jepcc.demo.service.UserService

package com.jepcc.demo.service;

public interface UserService {
    void getUser();
}

• com.jepcc.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl

package com.jepcc.demo.service.impl;

import com.jepcc.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.jepcc.demo.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;
    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao){
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        userDao.getUser();
    }
}

bean配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="foo" class="com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="service"  class="com.jepcc.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="foo"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试类

package com.jepcc.demo.test;

import com.jepcc.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config.xml");
        UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("service");
        userService.getUser();
    }
}

setter注入

dao层

• com.jepcc.demo.dao.UserDao

package com.jepcc.demo.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    void getUser();
}

• com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl

package com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl;

import com.jepcc.demo.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("getting user now");
    }
}

service层

• com.jepcc.demo.service.UserService

package com.jepcc.demo.service;

public interface UserService {
    void getUser();
}

• com.jepcc.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl

package com.jepcc.demo.service.impl;

import com.jepcc.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.jepcc.demo.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao){
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        userDao.getUser();
    }
}

bean配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="foo" class="com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="service"  class="com.jepcc.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="foo"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试类

• com.jepcc.demo.test.Test

package com.jepcc.demo.test;

import com.jepcc.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config.xml");
        UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("service");
        userService.getUser();
    }
}

本例中，spring容器创建id为service的bean对象com.jepcc.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl时，发现该对象引用了一个id为foo的bean对象，于是调用UserServiceImpl的 setter，将com.jepcc.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl设置为UserServiceImpl的userDao属性。因此在测试类Test中，userService.getUser()调用后，控制台打印出“getting user now”。