SpringBoot自动配置原理

SpringBoot导入了主程序类所在包及其子包下的所有组件

把指定包下的所有组件导入进来。
把主程序类所在包及其子包下的所有组件导入进来，本例指的是com.example.boot。

SpringBoot启动时默认给容器加载所有的自动配置类

META-INF/spring.factories中写死了所有的自动配置类。
到达Auto Configure，有两种方式，如下，

1. 进入@SpringBootApplication，进入@EnableAutoConfiguration，进入EnableAutoConfiguration。
   
2. External Libraries>spring-boot-autoconfigure.jar>META-INF>spring.factories。
   

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.neo4j.Neo4jAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.netty.NettyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sql.init.SqlInitializationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveMultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebSessionIdResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

以上共135行，减去2行（第一行和第二行），就有133行，即默认有133个自动配置类。这也是为什么List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)返回的列表长度是133。

虽然SpringBoot启动时会默认加载所有的自动配置类，但并不是所有的自动配置会生效，而是根据条件规则，按需配置。

SpringBoot将按需加载自动配置类

自动配置DispatcherServlet和MultipartResolver

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648)
@Configuration(
    proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
    type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({DispatcherServlet.class})
@AutoConfigureAfter({ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class})
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {
}

@ConditionalOnWebApplication( type = Type.SERVLET )，即要求当前项目是Web项目，且该Web项目是基于servlet的（有的是响应式web项目，即reactive web application）。
@ConditionalOnClass({DispatcherServlet.class})，要求类路径中包含DispatcherServlet类。

以上两个条件，本项目均满足，所以继续往DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration里看。

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration#DispatcherServletConfiguration

满足指定规则时，SpringBoot会自动给容器添加一个名为dispatcherServlet的组件。

@Configuration(
    proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@Conditional({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class})
@ConditionalOnClass({ServletRegistration.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class})
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
    protected DispatcherServletConfiguration() {
    }

    @Bean(
        name = {"dispatcherServlet"}
    )
    public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
        DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
        dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
        dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
        dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
        dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
        dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
        return dispatcherServlet;
    }

@Conditional({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class})，要求DefaultDispatcherServletCondition存在。

@ConditionalOnClass({ServletRegistration.class})，要求ServletRegistration存在。

以上条件均满足，所以自动装配了一个名为dispatcherServlet的组件。

@Configuration+@EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class})，一方面意味着SpringBoot会将WebMvcProperties添加到容器中，另一方面将application.properties或application.yml中可配置的内容与WebMvcProperties类的属性进行绑定，进入WebMvcProperties看看就更加明白了。

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration#multipartResolver

满足指定条件时，SpringBoot会自动给容器添加一个为multipartResolver的组件。

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean({MultipartResolver.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(
    name = {"multipartResolver"}
)
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
    return resolver;
}

@ConditionalOnBean({MultipartResolver.class})，要求容器中必须存在MultipartResolver类的组件。
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = {"multipartResolver"})，要求容器中不存在名为multipartResolver的组件。
两个条件综合一下，意思是说，如果容器中有MultipartResolver类的组件，且这个组件名不叫multipartResolver时，则调用方法public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver){}来注册组件，注册得到的这个组件id为multipartResolver，类型是MultipartResolver。哈哈哈哈，是不是有点绕，反正SpringBoot就是为了给容器添加一个id为multipartResolver文件上传解析器。

package com.example.boot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
        String[] beanNamesForType = run.getBeanNamesForType(MultipartResolver.class);
        System.out.println("容器中包含"+beanNamesForType.length+"个MultipartResolver类型的组件");
    }
}

启动应用，控制台打印出如下信息：

容器中包含1个MultipartResolver类型的组件

条件满足，所以SpringBoot会自动给容器添加名为multipartResolver的MultipartResolver类型的组件。

自动配置CharacterEncodingFilter

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration

@Configuration(
    proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
    type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})
@ConditionalOnProperty(
    prefix = "server.servlet.encoding",
    value = {"enabled"},
    matchIfMissing = true
)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
    private final Encoding properties;

    public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(ServerProperties properties) {
        this.properties = properties.getServlet().getEncoding();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
        filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
        filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
        return filter;
    }
}

@ConditionalOnWebApplication( type = Type.SERVLET )，即要求当前项目是Web项目，且该Web项目是基于servlet的（有的是响应式web项目，即reactive web application）。
@ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})，要求类路径中包含CharacterEncodingFilter类。

@ConditionalOnProperty( prefix = "server.servlet.encoding", value = {"enabled"}, matchIfMissing = true )，要求满足条件：在application.properties（或application.yml）配置了server.servlet.encodind.enabled，即使没有显式配置，SpringBoot也已经进行了默认配置。
@Configuration+@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})，一方面SpringBoot将ServerProperties添加到容器中，另一方面，application.properties（或application.yml）中的配置与ServerProperties类的属性进行了绑定，进入ServerProperties看看就更加明白了。

继续到HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration里面去看，配置了字符编码器。

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
    CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
    filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
    filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
    filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
    return filter;
}

以上，SpringBoot会默认在底层按照装配规则按需加载自动配置类。但是如果用户自己配置了，SpringBoot会以用户配置优先。

查看已加载的自动配置类

在application.properties（或application.yml）中添加debug=true，可查看哪些自动配置类已加载（生效，Positive matches），哪些自动配置类没有加载（未生效，Negative matches）。

Positive matches:
-----------------

   AopAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)


Negative matches:
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)