C/C++程序员应该掌握的东西

   一个C/C++程序员合不合格的必要条件，我觉得他应该理解了指针、理解了引用，知道通用类型数据在计算机中的内存表示方法，知道什么数据放在栈里，什么数据放在数据区，什么数据放在堆里，知道数据的对齐方式，知道怎么写代码更高效，知道对象的基本模型。下面通过实例逐个介绍这些大家应该掌握的内容：
	1.对齐问题
	typedef union tagData1 {
	    double a;
            char b;
            int c;
	} TData1;
	typedef union tagData2{
            char b;
	    double a;
            int c;
	} TData2;
	typedef union tagData3 {
            char b;
            int c;
	    double a;
	} TData3;
	printf(“%d %d %d”,sizeof(TData1), sizeof(TData2), sizeof(TData3));

	typedef struct tagData1 {
            double a;
            char b;
            int c;
	} TData1;
	typedef struct tagData2 {
            char b;
	    double a;
            int c;
	} TData2;
	typedef struct tagData3 {
            char b;
            int c;
	    double a;
	} TData3;
	printf(“%d %d %d”,sizeof(TData1), sizeof(TData2), sizeof(TData3));
        2.数据在计算机中的表示问题	
        typedef union tagData1 {
	      float a;
              unsigned char ch[4];
	} TData1;
	typedef union tagData2 {
              int a;
              unsignedchar ch[4];
	} TData2;
	TData1 data1;
	data1.a = -3.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	   printf(“%02x ”, data1.ch[i]);
	TData2 data2;
	data2.a = -3;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	   printf(“%02x ”, data2.ch[i]);
        3.数据的存放位置
	static int a = 0;
	void func（int b, int c）
	{
             static int d = 0;
             int e = 0;
             char *str = "hello";
             TData *pData = new TData;
	}
        class CData {
             public:
                   void func(int bb, int cc)
                   {
                        static int dd = 0;
                        int ee = 0;
                        char *str1 = "hello";
                        TData *pData1 = new TData;
                   }
             private:
                   static int aa;
                   int ff;
        };
	a,b,c,d,e,str,pData,*str,*pData,分别存放在哪里呢？
         aa,bb,cc,dd,ee,ff,str1,pData1,*str1,*pData1存放在哪里呢？
         4.对象模型问题
         class CBase {
            public:
                 void f(){printf(“base f()\n”);}
                 void g() {printf(“base g()\n”);}
	};
	class CDerived : public CBase{
	    public:
                 void f(){printf(“derived f()\n”);}
                 void g() {printf(“derived g()\n”);}
	}; 
	
        CBase base;
	CDerived derived;
	base = derived;
	base.f();
	base.g();
	CBase *pBase = NULL;
	CDerived *pDerived = new CDerived();
	pBase = pDerived;
	pBase->f();
	pBase->g();

        class CBase {
	    public:
                virtual void f() {printf(“base f()\n”);}
                virtual void g() { printf(“base g()\n”);}
	};
	class CDerived : public CBase{
	    public:
                void f(){printf(“derived f()\n”);}
                void g() {printf(“derived g()\n”);}
	};
	CBase base;
	CDerived derived;
	base = derived;
	base.f();
	base.g();
	CBase *pBase = NULL;
	CDerived *pDerived = new CDerived();
	pBase = pDerived;
	pBase->f();
	pBase->g();
        base = *pDerived;
        base.f();
        base.g();

        朋友们，以上的问题你都知道吗，知道为什么是这样吗？