使用TCP/UDP协议实现服务端与客户端之间的网络通信

1. 使用TCP协议实现服务端与客户端之间的网络通信

服务端TCPServer代码如下：

package cn.tu.tcp;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//TCP服务端
public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(1001);
            System.out.println("TCP服务已启动......");
            //接收客户端的请求 (套接字是两台机器之间通讯的端点)
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //获得套接字的输入流
            //流 -> 服务器 (对于服务器来说是输入流)
            InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
            while (true){
                //客户端要使用writer.newLine();来表示一条消息输入完成
                String line = reader.readLine();
                
                //从套接字中获得InetAddress
                InetAddress address = socket.getInetAddress();
                //客户端的IP
                String hostAddress = address.getHostAddress();
                //如果服务端从客户端接收到的是 exit 则会中断连接
                if("exit".equals(line)){
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println(hostAddress + "发送的数据是：" + line);
            }
            System.out.println("断开TCP服务！");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(reader!=null){
                    reader.close();
                }
                if(socket!=null){
                    socket.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}*

客户端TCPClient代码如下：

package cn.tu.tcp;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

//TCP客户端
public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Socket socket = null;

        BufferedWriter writer = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;

        //UDP服务器的IP:192.168.0.103 此处服务器在本机
        try {
            socket = new Socket("192.168.0.103", 1001);

            //获得套接字的输出流
            //客户端 -> 流 (对于客户端来说是输出流)
            OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

            writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));
            //控制台 -> 客户端
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

            System.out.print("发送消息：");

            while (true) {

                String line = reader.readLine();
                writer.write(line);
                //产生新行
                //(因为服务端使用String line = reader.readLine();所以这一行不能少，否则服务端会认为客户端还没有输入完)
                writer.newLine();
                writer.flush();

                //输入exit表示退出客户端
                if ("exit".equals(line)) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("退出TCP客户端！");

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {

                if (writer != null) {
                    writer.close();
                }

                if(reader!=null){
                    reader.close();
                }

                if (socket != null) {
                    socket.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

注意：记得先启动服务端，再运行客户端
TCP服务端运行效果图：

TCP客户端运行效果图：

2. 使用UDP协议实现服务端与客户端之间的网络通信

服务端UDPServer代码如下：

package cn.tu.udp;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

//UDP服务器端
public class UDPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        DatagramSocket socket = null;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(1000);

            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            //数据报
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);

            System.out.println("UDP服务器已启动......");

            while (true){
                //接收来自客户端的数据报
                socket.receive(packet);

                //从接收的数据报中获得InetAddress
                InetAddress address = packet.getAddress();
                //客户端的IP
                String hostAddress = address.getHostAddress();

                //从接收的数据报中获得数据
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                //从接收的数据报中获得数据的长度
                int len = packet.getLength();

                String str = new String(data, 0, len);

                System.out.println(hostAddress + "发送的数据是：" + str);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }

    }

}

客户端UDPClient代码如下：

package cn.tu.udp;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

//UDP客户端
public class UDPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket();

            //String str = "世界你好";
            //byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();

            //控制台 -> 客户端
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

            System.out.print("发送消息：");
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                //输入exit表示退出客户端
                if("exit".equals(line)){
                    break;
                }

                byte[] bytes = line.getBytes();
                //创建数据报
                //UDP服务器的IP:192.168.0.103 此处服务器在本机
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length,
                        InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.103"), 1000);

                //向服务器发送数据报
                socket.send(packet);
            }

            System.out.println("退出UDP客户端！");


        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (reader != null) {
                    reader.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            if (socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }

    }
}

注意：记得先启动服务端，再运行客户端
UDP服务端运行效果图：

UDP客户端运行效果图：