Dropping Balls, UVa 679

 

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> 
using namespace std;

int D, I;
int n;
int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	while(n--){	
		scanf("%d%d", &D, &I);
		int k = 1;
		for(int i = 0; i < D-1; i++)//until the second to last
			if(I%2) { k = k*2; I = (I+1)/2; }
	   	 	else { k = k*2+1; I /= 2; }
    	printf("%d\n", k);
	}
	return 0;
}