在这里,我已经收集了十大最未被充分利用的关系方法从该列表中您的阅读喜悦。
10. first_or_create
使用 first_or_create
- Book.where(:title => 'Tale of Two Cities').first_or_create
通常情况下,你想找到一个记录的某些属性,或创建一个与这些附加属性。要做到这一点简洁,您可以提供一个块
- Book.where(:title => 'Tale of Two Cities').first_or_create do |book|
- book.author = 'Charles Dickens'
- book.published_year = 1859
- end
9. first_or_initialize
如果不想创建记录属性可以使用
- Book.where(:title => 'Tale of Two Cities').first_or_initialize
8. scoped
有时候如果你想查找一个类的记录,你可以使用scoped
- def search(query)
- if query.blank?
- scoped
- else
- q = "%#{query}%"
- where("title like ? or author like ?", q, q)
- end
- end
7. none
(rails 4 中才有)
同样,有时你想要一个ActiveRecord::Relation,不包含任何对象。返回一个空数组通常不是一个好主意,如果你的API的消费者预期的关系对象。相反,你可以使用没有。
- def filter(filter_name)
- case filter_name
- when :all
- scoped
- when :published
- where(:published => true)
- when :unpublished
- where(:published => false)
- else
- none
- end
- end
6. find_each
将所有的数据一次性加载到内存中处理。但是当我们的Model中table数据过多时,会引起程序崩溃。所以,find_each 方法应运而生
find_each方法,是一次性加载1000条(默认)记录到内存中处理,知道将所有数据都处理完
- Book.where(:published => true).find_each do |book|
- puts "Do something with #{book.title} here!"
- end
5. to_sql
and explain
关系查询
- Book.where(:title => 'Three Day Road', :author => 'Joseph Boyden').first
转为
- Book.find_by(:title => 'Three Day Road', :author => 'Joseph Boyden')
3. scoping
- Comment.where(:post_id => 1).scoping do
- Comment.first # SELECT * FROM comments WHERE post_id = 1
- end
2. pluck
- published_book_titles = Book.published.select(:title).map(&:title)
- published_book_titles = Book.published.map(&:title)
- published_book_titles = Book.published.pluck(:title)
1. merge
- class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
- # ...
- # Returns all the accounts that have unread messages.
- def self.with_unread_messages
- joins(:messages).merge( Message.unread )
- end
- end