Go编译处理过程（一）go工具简介

raoxiaoya

已于 2022-09-22 10:42:31 修改

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分类专栏： golang 文章标签： golang

于 2022-08-17 11:08:46 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/raoxiaoya/article/details/126381889

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本文介绍了Go语言的内置命令行工具，如`go build`、`go test`等，展示了如何通过`gotool`调用，以及src/cmd目录结构。重点讲解了src/cmd/go/main.go中命令定义和快捷方式的实现。

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首先我们要知道golang自带了哪些工具

首先打开源码 src/cmd目录，此处为go提供的命令行工具，经过编译后，每一个工具都是一个可执行文件，位于pkg/tool/windows_amd64。使用go tool xxx来调用。
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然后，我们直接输入go命令，会输出以下信息

Go is a tool for managing Go source code.

Usage:

        go <command> [arguments]

The commands are:

        bug         start a bug report
        build       compile packages and dependencies
        clean       remove object files and cached files
        doc         show documentation for package or symbol
        env         print Go environment information
        fix         update packages to use new APIs
        fmt         gofmt (reformat) package sources
        generate    generate Go files by processing source
        get         add dependencies to current module and install them
        install     compile and install packages and dependencies
        list        list packages or modules
        mod         module maintenance
        work        workspace maintenance
        run         compile and run Go program
        test        test packages
        tool        run specified go tool
        version     print Go version
        vet         report likely mistakes in packages

Use "go help <command>" for more information about a command.

Additional help topics:

        buildconstraint build constraints
        buildmode       build modes
        c               calling between Go and C
        cache           build and test caching
        environment     environment variables
        filetype        file types
        go.mod          the go.mod file
        gopath          GOPATH environment variable
        gopath-get      legacy GOPATH go get
        goproxy         module proxy protocol
        importpath      import path syntax
        modules         modules, module versions, and more
        module-get      module-aware go get
        module-auth     module authentication using go.sum
        packages        package lists and patterns
        private         configuration for downloading non-public code
        testflag        testing flags
        testfunc        testing functions
        vcs             controlling version control with GOVCS

Use "go help <topic>" for more information about that topic.

这里也提供了一些命令，使用go xxx来调用，这一块的源码在src/cmd/go/internal，并且我们发现有一些命令和上面的一样，比如我们打开src/cmd/go/internal/fix，发现它内部调用的外层的fix，也就是go fix指向了go tool fix，这算是一种快捷方式。

我们上面调用的go命令的源码在src/cmd/go/main.go。

func init() {
	base.Go.Commands = []*base.Command{
		bug.CmdBug,
		work.CmdBuild,
		clean.CmdClean,
		doc.CmdDoc,
		envcmd.CmdEnv,
		fix.CmdFix,
		fmtcmd.CmdFmt,
		generate.CmdGenerate,
		modget.CmdGet,
		work.CmdInstall,
		list.CmdList,
		modcmd.CmdMod,
		workcmd.CmdWork,
		run.CmdRun,
		test.CmdTest,
		tool.CmdTool,
		version.CmdVersion,
		vet.CmdVet,

		help.HelpBuildConstraint,
		help.HelpBuildmode,
		help.HelpC,
		help.HelpCache,
		help.HelpEnvironment,
		help.HelpFileType,
		modload.HelpGoMod,
		help.HelpGopath,
		get.HelpGopathGet,
		modfetch.HelpGoproxy,
		help.HelpImportPath,
		modload.HelpModules,
		modget.HelpModuleGet,
		modfetch.HelpModuleAuth,
		help.HelpPackages,
		modfetch.HelpPrivate,
		test.HelpTestflag,
		test.HelpTestfunc,
		modget.HelpVCS,
	}
}