精妙SQL语句整理(2)

 

三、技巧

1、1=1，1=2的使用，在SQL语句组合时用的较多

“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选，
如：
if @strWhere !=''
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'
end

我们可以直接写成
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere

2、收缩数据库
--重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE

3、压缩数据库
dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限
exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
go

5、检查备份集
RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:dvbbs.bak'

6、修复数据库
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO

7、日志清除
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT


USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
SELECT @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)

-- Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)


DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),
@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'

DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize
BEGIN -- Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter = 0
WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log')
DELETE DummyTrans
SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

8、说明：更改某个表
exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

9、存储更改全部表

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS

DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
select 'Name' = name,
'Owner' = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name

OPEN curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if @Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END

close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO


10、SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end

小记存储过程中经常用到的本周，本月，本年函数
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

Dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,0,getdate()),0)
Dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(mm,datediff(m,0,getdate())+1,0))

Dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,0,getdate()),0)
Dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))

上面的SQL代码只是一个时间段
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
就是表示本周时间段.
下面的SQL的条件部分,就是查询时间段在本周范围内的:
Where Time BETWEEN Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1) AND Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
而在存储过程中
select @begintime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
select @endtime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

最后，再补充一些：

分组group

　　常用于统计时，如分组查总数：
select gender,count(sno)
from students
group by gender
(查看男女学生各有多少)

　　注意：从哪种角度分组就从哪列"group by"

　　对于多重分组，只需将分组规则罗列。比如查询各届各专业的男女同学人数 ，那么分组规则有：届别(grade)、专业(mno)和性别(gender)，所以有"group by grade, mno, gender"

select grade, mno, gender, count(*)
from students
group by grade, mno, gender

　　通常group还和having联用，比如查询1门课以上不及格的学生，则按学号(sno)分类有：

select sno,count(*) from grades
where mark<60
group by sno
having count(*)>1

　　6.UNION联合

　　合并查询结果，如：

SELECT * FROM students
WHERE name like ‘张%’
UNION [ALL]
SELECT * FROM students
WHERE name like ‘李%’

　　7.多表查询

　　a.内连接

select g.sno,s.name,c.coursename
from grades g JOIN students s ON g.sno=s.sno
JOIN courses c ON g.cno=c.cno
(注意可以引用别名)
b.外连接
b1.左连接
select courses.cno,max(coursename),count(sno)
from courses LEFT JOIN grades ON courses.cno=grades.cno
group by courses.cno

　　左连接特点：显示全部左边表中的所有项目，即使其中有些项中的数据未填写完全。

　　左外连接返回那些存在于左表而右表中却没有的行，再加上内连接的行。

　　b2.右连接

　　与左连接类似

　　b3.全连接

select sno,name,major
from students FULL JOIN majors ON students.mno=majors.mno

　　两边表中的内容全部显示

　　c.自身连接

select c1.cno,c1.coursename,c1.pno,c2.coursename
from courses c1,courses c2 where c1.pno=c2.cno

　　采用别名解决问题。

　　d.交叉连接

select lastname+firstname from lastname CROSS JOIN firstanme

　　相当于做笛卡儿积