Python序列

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 17:12:48 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/realoser/article/details/122114700

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Python最基本的数据结构是序列（sequence），序列里每个元素被分配一个序号，也称为索引（index），从0开始。

一、访问列表元素

0	1	2	3	4	5	6
0	1	2	…	…	`len(week)-2`	`len(week)-1`
Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
`-(len(week))`	`-(len(week)-1)`	`-(len(week)-2)`	…	…	-2	-1
-7	-6	-5	-4	-3	-2	-1

1、访问列表元素

（1）正向遍历

week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
for i in range(len(week)):
    print(week[i], end=' ')

输出结果：

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

（2）反向遍历

week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
for i in range(-1, -(len(week) + 1), -1):
    print(week[i], end=' ')

输出结果：

Sunday Saturday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday

二、标准类型运算符

在这里插入图片描述

1、值比较

In [5]:a = 'python'

In [6]:b = 'java'

In [7]:a == b
Out[7]: False

In [8]:a != b
Out[8]: True

In [9]:a > b  # p的ASCII码：112；j的ASCII码：106
Out[9]: True

In [10]:a < b
Out[10]: False

2、对象身份比较

In [5]:a = 'python'

In [6]:b = 'java'

In [14]:a is b
Out[14]: False

In [15]:a is not b
Out[15]: True

3、布尔运算

In [5]:a = 'python'

In [6]:b = 'java'

In [16]: a and b  # and　取后一个
Out[16]: 'java'

In [17]: b and a
Out[17]: 'python'

In [18]: a or b　　# or 取前一个
Out[18]: 'python'

In [19]: b or a 
Out[19]: 'java'

In [20]: not a
Out[20]: False

In [21]: a not b
  File "<ipython-input-20-fda1ac746f0e>", line 1
    a not b
          ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

三、序列类型运算符

在这里插入图片描述

切片运算：str[start:end:step]

1、针对字符串

In [1]:word = 'international'

In [2]:word[4], word[-8], word[5 - len(word)]
Out[2]: ('r', 'n', 'n')

In [4]:word[2:8]
Out[4]: 'ternat'

In [5]:word[2:8:2]
Out[5]: 'tra'

In [6]:word[::]
Out[6]: 'international'

In [7]:word[::-1]
Out[7]: 'lanoitanretni'

In [8]:word * 3
Out[8]: 'internationalinternationalinternational'

In [9]:word + ' view'
Out[9]: 'international view'

In [10]:'inter' in word
Out[10]: True

In [11]:'inter' not in word
Out[11]: False

2、针对列表

In [1]:names = ['天子', '宽窄', '利群', '熊猫']

In [2]:names[2], names[-3], names[2 - len(names)]
Out[2]: ('利群', '宽窄', '利群')

In [4]:names[1:4]
Out[4]: ['宽窄', '利群', '熊猫']

In [5]:names[1:4:2]
Out[5]: ['宽窄', '熊猫']

In [6]:names[::]
Out[6]: ['天子', '宽窄', '利群', '熊猫']

In [8]:names[::-1]
Out[8]: ['熊猫', '利群', '宽窄', '天子']

In [9]:names * 3
Out[9]: ['天子', '宽窄', '利群', '熊猫', '天子', '宽窄', '利群', '熊猫', '天子', '宽窄', '利群', '熊猫']

In [10]:names + ['中华', '荷花']
Out[10]: ['天子', '宽窄', '利群', '熊猫', '中华', '荷花']

In [11]:'宽窄' in names
Out[11]: True

In [12]:'煊赫门' in names
Out[12]: False

四、序列内建函数

在这里插入图片描述

1、类型转换

In [13]:str(666), str(True)
Out[13]: ('666', 'True')

In [18]:list('internet')
Out[18]: ['i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'e', 't']

In [19]:tuple('internet')
Out[19]: ('i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'e', 't')

2、序列类型可用内建函数

（1）长度函数 - len()

In [1]:word = 'internet'

In [2]:scores = [56, 78, 34, 70]

In [3]:student = ('001', '明明', '男')

In [4]:cities = {1: '北京', 2: '上海'}

In [5]:len(word)
Out[5]: 8

In [6]:len(scores)
Out[6]: 4

In [8]:len(student)
Out[8]: 3

In [9]:len(cities)
Out[9]: 2

（2）求和、最大值与最小值函数

In [10]:scores = [45, 67, 89, 65]

In [11]:sum(scores)
Out[11]: 266

In [12]:sum(scores) / len(scores)
Out[12]: 66.5

In [13]:max(scores)
Out[13]: 89

In [14]:min(scores)
Out[14]: 45

（3）链接函数 - zip()

ids = [1, 2, 3, 4]
cities = ['北京', '上海', '广州', '深圳']

city_list = zip(ids, cities)
for city in city_list:
    print(city)

输出结果：

(1, '北京')
(2, '上海')
(3, '广州')
(4, '深圳')

（4）排序函数 - sorted()

In [17]:word = 'flower'

In [18]:sorted(word)  # 升序
Out[18]: ['e', 'f', 'l', 'o', 'r', 'w']

In [19]:sorted(word, reverse = True)  # “reverse = True” 降序
Out[19]: ['w', 'r', 'o', 'l', 'f', 'e']

In [20]:scores = [45, 67, 89, 65]

In [21]:sorted(scores)  # 升序
Out[21]: [45, 65, 67, 89]

In [22]:sorted(scores, reverse = True)  # “reverse = True” 降序
Out[22]: [89, 67, 65, 45]

（5）反序函数 - reversed()

word = 'flower'
cities = ['北京', '上海', '广州', '深圳']

print(reversed(word))

for c in reversed(word):
    print(c, end=" ")

for city in reversed(cities):
    print(city, end=" ")

输出结果：

<reversed object at 0x000001F202EEA7F0>  # 输出的是内存地址
r e w o l f 
深圳 广州 上海 北京

（6）枚举函数 - enumerate()

In [20]:word = 'internet'
    ...:for i in enumerate(word):
    ...:    print(i)
    
(0, 'i')
(1, 'n')
(2, 't')
(3, 'e')
(4, 'r')
(5, 'n')
(6, 'e')
(7, 't')

In [21]:word = 'internet'
    ...:for i, c in enumerate(word):
    ...:    print('{}:{}'.format(i, c))
    
0:i
1:n
2:t
3:e
4:r
5:n
6:e
7:t

In [1]:names = ['红塔山', '云烟', '玉溪', '红河', '大重九']
   ...:for i, c in enumerate(names):
   ...:    print('{}:{}'.format(i, c))
    
0:红塔山
1:云烟
2:玉溪
3:红河
4:大重九