Python 单词按首字母分类

单词按首字母分类

任务：将单词列表按首字母分类成列表字典

words = ['well', 'you', 'can', 'teach', 'seem', 'someone', 'how', 'to', 'prepare', 'for', 'however']

map = {}
for word in words:
    # 提取首字母
    start = word[0]
    if start not in map:
        map[start] = [word]
    else:
        map[start].append(word)

for key in map.keys():
    print('{}:{}'.format(key, map[key]))

输出结果：

w:['well']
y:['you']
c:['can']
t:['teach', 'to']
s:['seem', 'someone']
h:['how', 'however']
p:['prepare']
f:['for']

第二种方法 - setdefault()

• setdefault()和 get() 类似,
• 如果键不存在于字典中，将会添加键并将值设为默认值。
• setdefault() 语法：dict.setdefault(key, defaul)
• key – 查找的键值。
• default – 键不存在时，设置的默认键值。

map = {}
for word in words:
    start = word[0]
    map.setdefault(start, []).append(word)

for key in map.keys():
    print('{}:{}'.format(key, map[key]))

输出结果同上