aliyun添加数据盘parted方式分区格式化和lvm挂载及数据盘的扩容

一、普通磁盘分区管理方式

1.对磁盘进行分区
列出磁盘
# fdisk -l

# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4765885b.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2097151999, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151999, default 2097151999): 
Using default value 2097151999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1000 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x635e6c7d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1            2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4765885b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048  2097151999  1048574976   83  Linux

2.对磁盘格式化成ext4格式
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536000 inodes, 262143744 blocks
13107187 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2409627648
8000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
102400000, 214990848

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

3.将新的磁盘挂载在/data目录下
mkdir /data
# mount /dev/vdb1 /data

查看是否挂载成功
# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1      ext4       40G  1.3G   37G   4% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs   32G     0   32G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs      32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs      32G  292K   32G   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs      32G     0   32G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs          tmpfs     6.3G     0  6.3G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1      ext4      985G   77M  935G   1% /data

4.添加自动挂载，重启系统后依然生效

vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

也可以通过uuid的方式进行挂载

# mkdir /data
# mount /dev/vdb1 /data

①使用lsblk命令可以清晰的获取全局的块设备布局
# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
vda    253:0    0    40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0    40G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0   150G  0 disk 
└─vdb1 253:17   0   150G  0 part 

②使用blkid命令可以获取设备的UUID，复制记下vdb1的UUID
# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="af414ad8-9936-46cd-b074-528854656fcd" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/vdb1: UUID="a2dc5e87-a07a-4976-86c3-d13b3d264124" TYPE="ext4" 

③开机挂载磁盘
vim /etc/fstab
UUID=a2dc5e87-a07a-4976-86c3-d13b3d264124 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

二、逻辑卷的方式

安装逻辑卷管理、vim、unzip、iftop等工具
yum install -y lvm2 vim unzip iftop

# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x635e6c7d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1            2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x31ab9b87.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-4194303999, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303999, default 4194303999): 
Using default value 4194303999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility