aliyun添加数据盘后的物理分区和lvm逻辑卷两种挂载方式

一、普通磁盘分区管理方式

1.对磁盘进行分区
列出磁盘
# fdisk -l


# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).


Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4765885b.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2097151999, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151999, default 2097151999): 
Using default value 2097151999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1000 GiB is set


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x635e6c7d


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1            2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4765885b


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048  2097151999  1048574976   83  Linux


2.对磁盘格式化成ext4格式
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536000 inodes, 262143744 blocks
13107187 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2409627648
8000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
102400000, 214990848


Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


3.将新的磁盘挂载在/data目录下
mkdir /data
# mount /dev/vdb1 /data


查看是否挂载成功
# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1      ext4       40G  1.3G   37G   4% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs   32G     0   32G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs      32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs      32G  292K   32G   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs      32G     0   32G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs          tmpfs     6.3G     0  6.3G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1      ext4      985G   77M  935G   1% /data


4.添加自动挂载，重启系统后依然生效


vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

二、逻辑卷的方式

安装逻辑卷管理、vim、unzip、iftop等工具
yum install -y lvm2 vim unzip iftop


# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x635e6c7d


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1            2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes




# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).


Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x31ab9b87.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-4194303999, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303999, default 4194303999): 
Using default value 4194303999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set

# 更加规范的做法是在分区时需要一个修改磁盘分区格式为linux lvm 代码为8e的操作

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name


  11        0    1048575 sr0
 253        0   41943040 vda
 253        1   41942016 vda1
 253       16 2097152000 vdb
 253       17 2097150976 vdb1


# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
# vgcreate myvg /dev/vdb1
  Volume group "myvg" successfully created
# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               1.95 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              511999
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       511999 / 1.95 TiB
  VG UUID               RpMeCU-gIV2-kEe5-fe6C-8iVI-xe0i-vf4ocp
   
# lvcreate -L 1.95T -n mylv myvg
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 1.95 TiB
  Logical volume "mylv" created.
# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/mylv
  LV Name                mylv
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                e1nL7K-0qyc-BHt8-x9oO-1gGC-6qWn-a52o6x
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time iZ2ze47of4mpxkhhzcgjheZ, 2017-01-07 12:18:26 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                1.95 TiB
  Current LE             511181
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           252:0
   
# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 /dev/myvg/mylv 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
130863104 inodes, 1046898688 blocks
52344934 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1315438592
63898 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104, 
2048000, 3981312, 5619712, 10240000, 11943936, 35831808, 39337984, 
51200000, 107495424, 256000000, 275365888, 322486272, 967458816


Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   


# mkdir /data
# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /data
# df -Th
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1             ext4       40G  1.3G   37G   4% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs   32G     0   32G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs      32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs      32G  356K   32G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs      32G     0   32G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                 tmpfs     6.3G     0  6.3G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ext4      2.0T   24M  1.9T   1% /data




开机自启动挂载分区
vim /etc/fstab
加入以下内容：
/dev/myvg/mylv /data ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0


# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue May  3 13:48:10 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=80b9b662-0a1d-4e84-b07b-c1bf19e72d97 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
/dev/myvg/mylv /data ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0

逻辑卷扩容的示例

示例：将/aliyun的逻辑卷分区由110G增加到150G


# vgdisplay myvg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               120.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              30719
  Alloc PE / Size       28160 / 110.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / 10.00 GiB
  VG UUID               v5LSS8-E5HW-htEL-ioet-Up3T-zUFz-vtCzlA


[root@mini2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        30G  1.8G   29G   6% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  907M     0  907M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M     0  917M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M  8.6M  908M   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M     0  917M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-data xfs        40G   33M   40G   1% /data
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv   ext4      109G   19M  103G   1% /aliyun
/dev/sda1               xfs       297M  115M  183M  39% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/0


1.新增一块60G的硬盘，分区
# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).


Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x58d7841e.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): 
Using default value 104857599
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


2.将新增加的分区/dev/sdc1扩容到物理卷myvg中
# vgextend myvg /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
  Volume group "myvg" successfully extended
# 可以看到由10G扩展到了59.99G
[root@mini2 ~]# vgdisplay myvg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               169.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              43518
  Alloc PE / Size       28160 / 110.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       15358 / 59.99 GiB
  VG UUID               v5LSS8-E5HW-htEL-ioet-Up3T-zUFz-vtCzlA


# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/mylv
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/mylv
  LV Name                mylv
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                3H0Qgm-tDJr-BJ96-Y0Vh-TMOE-1EZv-DN3qUE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time mini2, 2017-01-07 13:55:37 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                110.00 GiB
  Current LE             28160
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2


3.扩展物理边界为150G
[root@mini2 ~]# lvextend -L 150G /dev/myvg/mylv
  Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 110.00 GiB (28160 extents) to 150.00 GiB (38400 extents).
  Logical volume mylv successfully resized.
可以看到已经有110变成了150G
[root@mini2 ~]# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/mylv
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/mylv
  LV Name                mylv
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                3H0Qgm-tDJr-BJ96-Y0Vh-TMOE-1EZv-DN3qUE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time mini2, 2017-01-07 13:55:37 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                150.00 GiB
  Current LE             38400
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2


[root@mini2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        30G  1.8G   29G   6% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  907M     0  907M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M     0  917M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M  8.6M  908M   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M     0  917M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-data xfs        40G   33M   40G   1% /data
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv   ext4      109G   19M  103G   1% /aliyun
/dev/sda1               xfs       297M  115M  183M  39% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/0


4.扩展逻辑边界，可以看到磁盘分区/aliyun由109G变成了148G
[root@mini2 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv 
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv is mounted on /aliyun; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 110, new_desc_blocks = 150
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv is now 78643200 blocks long.


[root@mini2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        30G  1.8G   29G   6% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  907M     0  907M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M     0  917M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M  8.6M  908M   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     917M     0  917M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-data xfs        40G   33M   40G   1% /data
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv   ext4      148G   17M  141G   1% /aliyun
/dev/sda1               xfs       297M  115M  183M  39% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/0

 

UCLOUD对数据盘扩容后需要控制台重启，并进入系统后进行如下操作：

//针对ext4文件格式的操作系统（如CentOS6）：

umount /dev/vdb
e2fsck -f /dev/vdb
resize2fs /dev/vdb
mount /dev/vdb /data

 

ucloud升级磁盘空间后需要做的操作：

具体：

[root@u04rdp01 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 6.2G 32G 17% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb ext4 493G 492G 0 100% /data
[root@u04rdp01 ~]# umount /dev/vdb
[root@u04rdp01 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 6.2G 32G 17% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
[root@u04rdp01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vdb
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vdb: 32929/32768000 files (0.5% non-contiguous), 131018675/131072000 blocks
[root@u04rdp01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vdb
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb to 262144000 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vdb is now 262144000 blocks long.

[root@u04rdp01 ~]# mount /dev/vdb /data
[root@u04rdp01 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 6.2G 32G 17% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb ext4 985G 492G 443G 53% /data

//针对xfs文件格式的操作系统（如CentOS7）//
umount /dev/vdb
xfs_repair /dev/vdb
mount /dev/vdb /data
xfs_growfs /data