map、reduce、filter内置函数

1、map

map(function,sequence) calls function(item) for each of the sequence’s items and returns alist of

the return values.

 

map对序列中的每一个items调用function(items)，并返回一个列表。

 

>>> defcube(x): return x*x*x

...

>>>map(cube, range(1,5))

[1, 8, 27, 64]

 

>>>map(lambda x:x+5, range(1,8))

[6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,12]

 

2、reduce

reduce(function,sequence) returns a single value constructed by calling the binary functionfunction

on the first twoitems of the sequence, then on the result and the next item, and so on.

 

对sequence中的item顺序迭代调用function，函数必须要有2个参数。要是有第3个参数，则表示初始值，可以继续调用初始值，返回一个值。

 

>>> defadd(x,y): return x+y

...

>>>reduce(add, range(1, 11))

55

#1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10

 

>>>reduce(add, range(1, 11),10)

65

#初始值为10，10 +1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10

 

>>> defmulti(x,y): return x*y

...

>>>

>>>reduce(multi, range(2,5))   # 2*3*4

24

>>>reduce(multi, range(2,5),5)   # 5*2*3*4

120

 

>>>reduce(lambda x,y:x*y, range(2,8))

5040

>>>reduce(lambda x,y:x*y, range(2,8),10)

50400

 

 

3、filter

filter(function,sequence) returns a sequence consisting of those items from the sequence forwhich

function(item) istrue. If sequence is a str, unicode or tuple, the result will be of the sametype;

otherwise, it isalways a list.

 

对sequence中的item依次执行function(item)，将执行结果为True（！=0）的item组成一个List/String/Tuple（取决于sequence的类型）返回，False则退出（0），进行过滤。

 

>>> deff(x): return x % 3 == 0 or x % 5 == 0

...

>>>filter(f, range(2, 25))

[3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12,15, 18, 20, 21, 24]

 

>>>filter(lambda x:x%2, range(10))

[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

 

4、实现5!+4!+3!+2!+1!

 

def add_fact(n):

     empty_list=[]

     for i in map(lambda x:x+1, range(n)):

         temp=reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,i+1))

         empty_list.append(temp)

     return empty_list

 

>>> importadd_fact

>>>a=add_fact

>>>reduce(lambda x,y:x+y, a.add_fact(5))

153