[Android]-内容提供器ContentProvider

内容提供器

(Content Provider)

主要用于在不同程序之间实现数据共享的功能,提供了一套完整的当前程序访问另一程序的机制,同时保证数据的安全性

运行时权限

Android目前将权限按照安全等级分为两类,一种是普通权限,在运行过程中,由于这类权限往往不涉及用户隐私,系统会自动帮我们授权。另一种是危险权限,涉及到用户的隐私与个人信息,只有用户授权同意才可以处理

在Android6.0之前,所有权限的获取都是在软件安装前进行申请,并且不接受权限意味着无法正常安装APP,在Android6.0之后,引入了运行时权限的概念,用户拒绝某些权限或暂时不处理,可以正常安装APP,等需要使用这些权限时再向用户提交申请

每添加一个权限,都需要在AndroidMainfest.xml中提前声明

在程序运行时申请权限

image

package cn.ywrby.runtimepermissiontext;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button bt_call = findViewById(R.id.bt_call);
        bt_call.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //没有获取权限的情况下,会先申请权限(requestPermissions弹出权限申请框)
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 1);
                }
                //获得权限的前提下,直接执行call方法,不会再次申请
                else {
                    call();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    //定义拨打电话的方法
    public void call() {
        try {
            //隐式Intent,指定的活动ACTION_CALL是系统内置的打电话动作
            //注意,这和之前的打开拨号界面不同,打开拨号界面是普通权限,直接拨号是危险权限,需要声明并得到用户同意
            //这里为了防止程序崩溃,采用了异常捕获的格式
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:10086"));
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //在调用requestPermission请求权限并弹出权限申请对话框后回调
    //授权的结果封装在grantResults中,这里通过判断申请结果执行对应操作
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                //在申请获得许可的情况下执行危险权限的操作
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    call();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }
}

访问其他程序数据

ContentResolver的基本用法

用于访问其他应用程序内容提供器中的共享数据,可以通过Context类中的getContentResolver获取到相应的实例

ContentResolver中提供了一系列方法对数据进行CRUD操作,例如insert,delete,update,query等等,操作基本与SQLiteDatabase一致。

不同在于ContentResolver是不接受表名参数的,取而代之的是Uri参数,用于指明表的相关路径,避免单独的表名导致无法查询到相关表的信息

Uri组成
content://程序的包名/表名
例如:
content://cn.ywrby.provider/table1

ContentResolver经过查询后的返回值类型也是Cursor,只需要利用移动游标再遍历就可以获取我们需要的数据内容

利用ContentResolver读取系统联系人

image

package cn.ywrby.contactstest;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    //声明适配器
    ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;
    //用来存储获取到的相关数据
    List<String> contactsList=new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        ListView contactsView=findViewById(R.id.lv_contacts);
        //绑定适配器
        adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,contactsList);
        //传入适配器
        contactsView.setAdapter(adapter);
        //检查权限状态
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},1);
        }else {
            readContacts();
        }
    }


    //读取系统联系人
    public void readContacts(){
        Cursor cursor=null;
        try {
            //利用查询语句获取全部联系人信息
            cursor=getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,null,null,null,null);
            //循环遍历得到的信息,并存储到数据列表中
            if(cursor!=null){
                while(cursor.moveToNext()){
                    String displayName=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME));
                    String number=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
                    contactsList.add(displayName+"\n"+number);
                }
                //刷新ListView
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭Cursor
            if(cursor!=null){
                cursor.close();
            }
        }
    }

    //请求权限的结果并作出处理
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if(grantResults.length>0 && grantResults[0]== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    readContacts();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"You denied the permission!",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }
}

实现一个完整的内容提供器

package cn.ywrby.databasetext;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;

import java.sql.Struct;

public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider {
    public static final int BOOK_DIR=0;   //访问book表中所有数据
    public static final int BOOK_ITEM=1;  //访问book表中单条数据
    public static final int CATEGORY_DIR=2;  //访问category表中所有数据
    public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM=3;  //访问category表中单条数据

    //路径参数
    public static final String AUTHORITY="cn.ywrby.databasetext.provider";

    //利用UriMatcher可以轻松实现匹配内容Uri的功能
    private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;

    static {
        uriMatcher=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        //像其中传入匹配的项
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book",BOOK_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book/#",BOOK_ITEM);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"category",CATEGORY_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"category/#",CATEGORY_ITEM);
    }

    public DatabaseProvider() {

    }

    //创建方法
    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        // TODO: Implement this to initialize your content provider on startup.
        dbHelper=new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(),"BookStore.db",null,2);
        return true;
    }

    //定义删除方法
    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        // Implement this to handle requests to delete one or more rows.
        SQLiteDatabase db=dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        int deleteRows=0;  //删除的行数
        //进行匹配
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                deleteRows=db.delete("book",selection,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookID=uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                //getPathSegments将内容Uri权限之后的部分按“\”拆开
                //并且将结果储存到字符串列表中,所以第0项就是内容Uri,第1项就是ID
                deleteRows=db.delete("book","id=?",new String[]{bookID});
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                deleteRows=db.delete("category",selection,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryID=uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                deleteRows=db.delete("category","id=?",new String[]{categoryID});
                break;
            default:
                break;

        }
        return deleteRows;
    }


    //定义插入方法
    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to insert a new row.
        SQLiteDatabase db=dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Uri uriReturn=null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                long newBookID=db.insert("book",null,values);
                uriReturn=Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/book/"+newBookID);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                long newCategoryID=db.insert("category",null,values);
                uriReturn=Uri.parse("Content://"+AUTHORITY+"/category/"+newCategoryID);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return uriReturn;

    }


    //定义查询方法
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle query requests from clients.
        SQLiteDatabase db=dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor=null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                cursor=db.query("book",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookID=uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor=db.query("book",projection,"id=?",new String[]{bookID},null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                cursor=db.query("category",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryID=uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor=db.query("category",projection,"id=?",new String[]{categoryID},null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return cursor;
    }

    //升级方法
    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                      String[] selectionArgs) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to update one or more rows.
        SQLiteDatabase db=dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        int updateRows=0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                updateRows=db.update("book",values,selection,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookID=uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updateRows=db.update("book",values,"id=?",new String[]{bookID});
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                updateRows=db.update("category",values,selection,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryID=uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updateRows=db.update("category",values,"id=?",new String[]{categoryID});
                break;
            default:
                break;

        }
        return updateRows;
    }

    //获取MIME类型
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests for the MIME type of the data
        // at the given URI.
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.cn.ywrby.databasetext.provider.book";
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.cn.ywrby.databasetext.provider.book";
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.cn.ywrby.databasetext.provider.category";
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.cn.ywrby.databasetext.provider.category";
        }
        return null;
    }

}
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