kubernetes的多租户管理实践

在日常管理kubernetes中，使用的方式无非就是使用命令行方式（kubectl）和图像化方式（dashboard）。kubernetes官方提供的dashboard可以让kubernete管理员、公司开放人员和运维人员使用图形化的方式操作集群、查看日志、执行容器命令或增删改查资源等，当然也有其他图形化的管理方式，kubeboard就是一款不错的开源工具。

从实际使用实践来看，并不希望每个用户都有管理员的权限，也不希望A项目组的人员去访问B项目组的资源，这时我们可以使用kubernetes的权限管理RBAC进行访问控制。

具体的实现思路是：根据项目名称创建namespace,并创建同名的serviceaccount，并创建合适权限的Role，ClusterRole和RoleBinding、ClusterRoleBingding,然后对serviceaccount进行授权，那么对应人员就有了相关的管理权限。

具体的实现方式示例

1.创建测试命名空间

kubectl create ns kube-rbac-test

2.创建ServiceAccount

kubectl create sa rbac-teat -n kube-rbac-test

3.创建集群角色

3.1针对整个集群的view角色

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dashboard-viewonly
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - endpoints
  - persistentvolumeclaims
  - pods
  - replicationcontrollers
  - replicationcontrollers/scale
  - serviceaccounts
  - services
  - nodes
  - persistentvolumeclaims
  - persistentvolumes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - bindings
  - events
  - limitranges
  - namespaces/status
  - pods/log
  - pods/status
  - replicationcontrollers/status
  - resourcequotas
  - resourcequotas/status
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - apps
  resources:
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - deployments/scale
  - replicasets
  - replicasets/scale
  - statefulsets
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - autoscaling
  resources:
  - horizontalpodautoscalers
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - batch
  resources:
  - cronjobs
  - jobs
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - deployments/scale
  - ingresses
  - networkpolicies
  - replicasets
  - replicasets/scale
  - replicationcontrollers/scale
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - policy
  resources:
  - poddisruptionbudgets
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - networkpolicies
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - storage.k8s.io
  resources:
  - storageclasses
  - volumeattachments
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  resources:
  - clusterrolebindings
  - clusterroles
  - roles
  - rolebindings
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch

3.2 pod日志查看和执行命令的权限

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: pod-log-exec
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - pods/log
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
 - apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods/exec
  verbs:
  - create
   

3.3 全局namespaces的只读权限

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: namespace-readonly
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
 - apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - podss
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch

4.授权

4.1使用ClusterRoleBinding将查看namespaces列表的权限授权给kube-rbac-test命名空间下所有的serviceaccount，这个此命名空间下所有的sa账户都有查看的权限

kubectl create clusterrolebinding namespace-readonly --clusterrole=namespace-readonly --serviceaccount=system:serviceaccounts:kube-rbac-test

4.2使用RoleBinding将相关权限赋权给对应的用户

kubectl create rolebinding sa-test-rbac --clusterrole=pod-log-exec --serviceaccount=kube-rbac-test:rbac-teat -n kube-rbac-test

5.使用token登录

kubectl describe serviceaccount rbac-teat -n kube-rbac-test



kubectl -n kube-rbac-test describe $(kubectl -n kube-rbac-test get secret -n kube-system -o name | grep namespace) | grep token

6.根据token创建kubeconfig

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-dashboard-viewonly \
  --certificate-authority=ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://10.10.20.60:6443 \
  --kubeconfig=dashboard-viewonly-kubeconfig
  2.配置用户token信息
  kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-dashboard-viewonly  --token=$token --kubeconfig=dashboard-viewonly-kubeconfig
   3.配置上下文信息
  kubectl config set-context kubernetes-dashboard-viewonly \
  --cluster=kubernetes-dashboard-viewonly \
  --user=kubernetes-dashboard-viewonly \
  --kubeconfig=dashboard-viewonly-kubeconfig
  4.设置默认上下文
  kubectl config use-context kubernetes-dashboard-viewonly --kubeconfig=dashboard-viewonly-kubeconfig