HttpClient 详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-07 12:12:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-07 12:12:25 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： HttpClient

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/renguiriyue/article/details/104319706

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HttpClient 详解

参考 https://blog.csdn.net/justry_deng/article/details/81042379
感谢大佬分享的demo
自己练习下，记录只为了下次更方便的查找，侵权删

http 请求，apache 的一套封装不错的http请求
下面的案例都是先有http请求的，再有接口。

get 无参请求

 	/**
     * get 无参请求
     */
    @Test
    public void doGetTestOne() {
        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        // 创建Get请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://192.168.6.9:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/getNoParams");

        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());// 响应状态为:HTTP/1.1 200
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());// 响应内容长度为:3
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));//响应内容为:123
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

	@GetMapping("/v1/getNoParams")
	public String getNoParams(){
	    return "123";
	}

GET有参(方式一：直接拼接URL)：

	/**
     * get 有参请求（通过url方式传参）
     */
    @Test
    public void doGetTestWayOne() {
        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        // 参数
        StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();
        try {
            // 字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
            params.append("username=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
//            params.append("&");
//            params.append("age=24");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 创建Get请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://192.168.6.9:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/getParamsByUrl" + "?" + params);
        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 配置信息
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                    // 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)
                    .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                    // 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                    // socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)
                    .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                    // 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)
                    .setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();

            // 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里
            httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

            // 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity  = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));//响应内容为:&
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/v1/getParamsByUrl")
    public String getParamsByUrl(String username){
        return username;
    }

GET—有参测试 (方式二:将参数放入键值对类中）

/**
     * GET---有参测试 (方式二:将参数放入键值对类中,再放入URI中,从而通过URI得到HttpGet实例)
     */
    @Test
    public void doGetTestWayTwo() {
        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        // 参数
        URI uri = null;
        try {
            // 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中
            List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
            params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "&"));
            // 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;
            // 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String value)
            uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("192.168.6.9")
                    .setPort(8060).setPath("/ronghe/exBox/v1/getParams")
                    .setParameters(params).build();
        } catch (URISyntaxException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 创建Get请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 配置信息
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                    // 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)
                    .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                    // 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                    // socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)
                    .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                    // 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)
                    .setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();

            // 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里
            httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

            // 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

	@GetMapping("/v1/getParams")
    public String getParams(String username){
        log.info("getNoParams: " + username);
        return username;
    }

post 无参请求

	/**
     * POST---无参测试
     */
    @Test
    public void doPostTestOne() {

        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        // 创建Post请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://192.168.6.9:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/postForNoParams");
        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));//响应内容为:123
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/v1/postForNoParams")
    public String postForNoParams(){
        return "123";
    }

POST有参(普通参数)

/**
     * POST---有参测试(普通参数)
     */
    @Test
    public void doPostTestFour() {

        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        // 参数
        StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();
        try {
            // 字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
            params.append("username=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 创建Post请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://192.168.6.9:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/postForParams" + "?" + params);

        // 设置ContentType(注:如果只是传普通参数的话,ContentType不一定非要用application/json)
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");

        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));//响应内容为:&
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/v1/postForParams")
    public String postForParams(String username){
        log.info("postForParams"+username);
        return username;
    }

POST有参(对象参数)

@Test
    public void doPostTestTwo() {

        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        // 创建Post请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://192.168.6.9:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/postForObject");
        User user = new User("123");
//        user.setName("潘晓婷");
//        user.setAge(18);
//        user.setGender("女");
//        user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");
        // 我这里利用阿里的fastjson，将Object转换为json字符串;
        // (需要导入com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON包)
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);

        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8");

        // post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);

        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");

        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
//            HttpEntity responseEntity =
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/v1/postForObject")
    public String postForObject(@RequestBody User user){
        log.info("postForParams"+user.getUsername());
        return user.getUsername();
    }

POST有参(普通参数 + 对象参数)

@Test
    public void doPostTestThree() {

        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

        // 创建Post请求
        // 参数
        URI uri = null;
        try {
            // 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中
            List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
            params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("version", "1.0.0"));
            // 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;
            // 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String value)
//            http://192.168.6.9:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/postForParamsAndObject
            uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("192.168.6.9").setPort(8060)
                    .setPath("/ronghe/exBox/v1/postForParamsAndObject").setParameters(params).build();
        } catch (URISyntaxException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
        // HttpPost httpPost = new
        // HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerThree1");

        // 创建user参数
        User user = new User("123");
//        user.setName("潘晓婷");
//        user.setAge(18);
//        user.setGender("女");
//        user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");

        // 将user对象转换为json字符串，并放入entity中
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(user), "UTF-8");

        // post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);

        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");

        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
                //String res = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8); // 获取远程数据，主动修改编码集
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));//响应内容为:123-1.0.0
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/v1/postForParamsAndObject")
    public String postForParamsAndObject(String version , @RequestBody User user){
        log.info("postForParamsAndObject:"+user.getUsername() + " version:"+ version);
        return StringUtils.join(new String[]{user.getUsername(),version},"-");
    }

解决乱码

参考上面一个例子，补充处

进行HTTPS请求并进行(或不进行)证书校验(示例)

暂未测试，请参考
https://blog.csdn.net/justry_deng/article/details/81042379

application/x-www-form-urlencoded表单请求(示例)

    /**
     * get 无参请求(form 请求)
     */
    @Test
    public void doForm() {
        // 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        // 创建Get请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8060/ronghe/exBox/v1/getForm");
        httpGet.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        // 响应模型
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 从响应模型中获取响应实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());// 响应状态为:HTTP/1.1 200
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());// 响应内容长度为:3
                System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));//响应内容为:123
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 释放资源
                if (httpClient != null) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

 	/**
     * 表单请求
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/v1/getForm",consumes = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    public String getForm(){
        return "123";
    }

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HttpClient 详解

HttpClient 详解参考 https://blog.csdn.net/justry_deng/article/details/81042379感谢大佬分享的demo自己练习下，记录只为了下次更方便的查找，侵权删http 请求，apache 的一套封装不错的http请求下面的案例都是先有http请求的，再有接口。get 无参请求 /** * get 无参请求 ...
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